| 摘要: | 本研究之目的乃是在探討面對同儕死亡的兒童之悲傷反應與瞭解影響悲傷調適之因素及其悲傷歷程，作為同儕死亡之兒童的悲傷經驗探究。本研究透過一位歷經同儕死亡的國小高年級兒童，以深度訪談的方式進行資料的分析與歸納。將研究的結果摘要如下：一、同儕死亡的兒童有情緒、生理、認知與行為方面的悲傷反應。情緒反應有難過、思念、遺憾、驚訝；生理反應出現食慾不佳；認知方面包含不相信、懷疑；不想被人看見自己的悲傷；行為方面則是睡不著、珍藏遺物、哭泣、寫日記、逃避。二、研究發現，影響兒童面對同儕死亡的悲傷調適因素：包括死亡概念的發展、依附關係、支持系統、死亡形式、個人因素與同儕相關的未竟事物；悲傷歷程無論是從 Worden的任務論或是 Stroebe和Schut所提出的雙軌擺盪模式，都可發現兒童在面對同儕死亡的悲傷歷程並非直線進行。唯一可確定的是同儕的死亡確實對兒童造成影響，以及在非自然死亡情況下，對兒童的衝擊更大，因為來不及跟逝者道別，徒留強烈的遺憾。
The purpose of this research was to explore children’s grievous reactions and the factors influencing their grieving process as well as the process of grief after the death of a peer. Through an in-depth interview with a high-grade student who experienced the death of a peer, the research data were collected and analyzed. The research results were summarized as follows: First, a child who experienced the death of a peer showed grievous reactions in emotional, physical, cognitive, and behavioral domains. The emotional reactions included sadness, yearning, regrets, and shocks; the physiological reactions showed a disturbance of appetite; the cognitive reactions included disbelief, doubt, and unwillingness to be seen sad; as to the behavioral reactions, he experienced a disturbance of sleep, treasured the objects that belonged to the deceased, cried, kept a diary and eluded. Second, the factors affecting the adjustment of their grief included the concepts of death, attachment, support systems, the reasons of unexpected death events, personal conditions and the unfinished business related to her deceased peer. It was discovered that from the view of Worden’s Tasks of Mourning or Strobe’s Dual Process Model of coping with bereavement, children’s grievous process isn’t linear. What can be sure is that the death of a peer really has an influence on children and the children would be deeply affected by the abrupt death of the peer and the feelings of sorrow has been left because they even couldn’t say goodbye to the deceased peer in time. |
