珍珠粉是傳統中藥材，在本草綱目中有安神，治目潤皮膚，解痘瘡毒等功用，而傳統炮製方法過於繁瑣，對於炮製過程所造成成分及生物活性影響的相關研究尚不多。本研究目的是利用傳統牛奶豆腐同煮法與現代低溫研磨法二種珍珠粉加工方式，探討不同炮製法之成分差異，並以細胞試驗探討其水萃物對人類皮膚纖維母細胞(HS68)之毒性、光老化之影響，同時探討萃取物對前驅脂肪細胞(3T3-L1)之脂肪分化，與珍珠粉抑制脂肪形成的影響。 結果顯示，以低溫製程製備之珍珠粉，其重金屬含量低於傳統炮製珍珠粉約42~54%。傳統炮製法確實會導致珍珠蛋白之破壞或流失，流失量約24.95%。微量礦物質與巨量礦物質並無明顯的差異。在SDS-PAGE 中，分離後發現主要之蛋白質為50 kDa。後續之生物活性得知，在對皮膚抗老化實驗中，不同製程之珍珠水萃物在濃度0.1~1.0mg/mL 下，對人類皮膚纖維母細胞(HS68) 並不會抑制其生長，而前處理珍珠水萃物可以減少由UV 照射所造成的細胞老化。珍珠水萃物對於3T3-L1 前驅脂肪細胞及分化後脂肪細胞之生長並無影響；在脂肪分化實驗中，低溫製程之水萃物並不會對3T3-L1 前驅脂肪細胞的分化造成影響，對未分化及已分化之脂肪細胞之生長亦無抑制效果。同時在動物實驗中發現珍珠粉對細胞與動物之安全劑量很高，每日餵食高熱量食物同時攝取高劑量(3g/kg)珍珠粉雖可以明顯降低餵食高脂飼料的老鼠體重，但因劑量太高，並不建議具有降低試驗動物脂肪形成之效果。此外，實驗中發現以低溫製程所得到珍珠成分比傳統炮製效果好，但在保護UV 所造成的細胞老化傷害及抑制前趨脂肪生長及分化與則無顯著差異。 Pearl powder, a traditional medicine in general used in skin or eye care in《Compendium of Materia Medica》in Chinese. However, the bioactive and components change in different process were not described in modern study. The purpose of this thesis was to compare the components change by chemical and electrophoresis analysis, the toxicity and photoaging of pearl powder water extract on human foreskin fibroblast HS68 cell, the cell differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte with traditional tofu-milk-preparation and modern cryo-dry-milling. We also the body weight reduction of pearl powder by animal model. Results demonstrated that the reductions of heavy metal was 42-54%, pearl protein increased 24.95% by modern cryo-dry-milling. The trace and macro mineral content were the same. The pearl protein prepared by water extract displayed a mixed protein by SDS-PAGE analysis, and the main protein shows 50 kDa. Results also showed non-toxic inhibition of pearl protein water extract from pearl powder was in vitro performed at 0.1-1.0 mg/mL for skin fibroblast HS68 cell. The photoaging will reduced by pearl water extract. The water extract demonstrated not effects on pre-adipose and differential 3T3-L1 adipocyte by cryo-milling. Otherwise, the great amount of feeding pearl powder over 3g/kg per day and high calorie feed results as body weight reduction on ICR mice in vivo. We suggested the pearl powder is very safe and the pearl powder water extract by modern dry-cryo milling. However, pearl powder was not suggested be claimed as fat weight loss demand. We also suggested the component from cryo-milling was better than traditional process. However, the water extract of pearl powder showed no obvious photoaging protective effect on human HS68 cell undergo UV treatment. It also showed no obvious inhibition on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte growth and differentiation.
