安寧志工生命意義感、死亡態度與幸福感之相關研究

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Title:	安寧志工生命意義感、死亡態度與幸福感之相關研究
Other Titles:	A Study of Relationship among the Meaningfulness of Life, Death Attitude and Well-being of Hospice Volunteers
Authors:	陸金竹 Lu, Chin-Chu
Contributors:	非營利事業管理學系周玲玲;鄭文輝 Ling-Ling Zhou;Wen-Hui Zheng
Keywords:	死亡態度;生命意義感;安寧志工;幸福感 Attitudes of death;Meaning of life;Hospice Volunteers;Well-being
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2014-11-21 09:34:25 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究旨在探討安寧志工的生命意義、死亡態度與幸福感的之現況及其關係。採問卷調查法，共計發出問卷450份，有效問卷為375份，回收率為83.33﹪。以描述性統計、t考驗，單因子變異數分析、單因子多變項變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、多元迴歸分析等方法進行資料分析。本研究所獲致的結果如下：一、樣本特性及服務現況方面研究樣本以「女性」居多；「年齡」以50-59歲的居多，平均年齡為57歲；「婚姻」狀況以已婚者居多；「教育程度」以高中（職）以上者為多數；「職業」以家庭管理者佔多數；近九成的安寧志工有「宗教信仰」；自覺健康狀況最多為「良好」；「遭逢過親人或親友的死亡」印象最深刻的是「父母的死亡」為多數；在與家庭談論死亡的氛圍時「很自然地討論」佔多數；「家人健康方面」回應曾罹病者佔近六成。「服務年資」以二年以內者占多數，平均年資7.6年；「服務內容」以直接服務中的「情緒支持」占多數；安寧志工最需要的在職訓練為：「溝通技巧」、「悲傷輔導」；加入安寧志工的動機依序為：幫助別人也幫助自己為最多。二、安寧志工之生命意義感為中上程度以：「求意義的意志」最高；依次為「生命目的」、「苦難接納」、「生命控制」與「死亡接納」。（一）不同性別、婚姻狀況、教育程度、目前職業、家人罹病在「生命意義感」上無顯著差異。（二）不同年齡、宗教信仰、經濟狀況、健康狀況、經歷親人死亡印象深刻、家人反應在「生命意義感」上有顯著差異。三、死亡態度方面：「中性接受」最高；依次為「趨近接受」、「逃離接受」、「死亡恐懼」與「死亡逃避」。（一）不同性別、婚姻狀況、目前職業、經濟狀況在「死亡態度」上無顯著差異。（二）不同年齡、教育程度、宗教信仰、健康狀況、曾經歷親人死亡、家人反應、家人罹病在「死亡態度」上有顯著差異四、幸福感方面：「人際關係」最高；依次為「生活滿意」、「自我肯定」與「身心健康」。（一）不同性別、教育程度、目前職業、宗教信仰、經濟狀況、曾經歷親人死亡、家人罹病在「幸福感」上無顯著差異（二）不同年齡、婚姻狀況、健康狀況、家人反應在「幸福感」上有顯著差異。五、安寧志工在「生命意義感」與「死亡態度」方面（一）「整體生命意義感」與「死亡恐懼」、「死亡逃避」呈現負相關。（二）「整體生命意義感」與「中性接受」、「趨近死亡接受」呈現正相關。六、安寧志工在「死亡態度」與「幸福感」方面（一）「死亡恐懼」、「死亡逃避」與「整體幸福感」呈現負相關。（二）「中性接受」、「趨近死亡接受」與「整體幸福感」呈現正相關。七、安寧志工在「幸福感」與「生命意義感」方面（一）「整體生命意義感」及其分層面之「求意義的意志」、「生命目的」、「生命控制」、「苦難接納」與「幸福感整體」及其分層面之「生活滿意」、「人際關係」、「自我肯定」、「身心健康」呈現正相關。（二）「整體生命意義感」之分層面「死亡接納」與「整體幸福感」呈現負相關。八、在安寧志工的生命意義感與死亡態度對幸福感的回歸預測分析方面以「生命意義感」中之「生命目的」、「生命控制」及「苦難接納」與「死亡態度」中之「死亡恐懼」為幸福感的主要預測因子。　　根據上述的研究結果，研究者提出具體建議，以作為未來後續研究者之參考。 Relationships Among the Meaningfulness of Life, Attitudes toward Death and Well-being of Hospice Volunteers in Taiwan AbstractThis study aims to explore the status and relationships among the meaningfulness of life, attitudes toward death and well-being of hospice volunteers in Taiwan.A survey of total 450 questionnaires was made, among which 375 were valid with 83.33% return rate. Then, statistical analyses such as descriptive statistics , t-test , one-way ANOVA , one-way multivariate of variance , Pearson correlation , and stepwise multiple regression were employed. Eight major findings of the study are as following:1、On the sample characteristics and the status of servicesMajority of hospice volunteers are female; aged between50-59 averaged 57 years old; getting married; educated in senior high schools and colleges; keeping household management; having religious faith; perceiving good health status; experiencing the death of close relatives, especially, parents; discussing death issues naturally in the family, while 60% of family members with major diseases.Though the majority of volunteers serve two years or less, the average seniority are 7.6 years. Most provide direct services in emotional support; while most needed job trainings are communication skills and sadness counseling. Most volunteers are motivated by the belief of helping others to the benefit to themselves too.2、On the meaningfulness of life Overall, volunteers appreciate substantial meaningfulness of life, mostly willings to pursue the meaning of life, followed by pursuing purpose of life, acceptance of suffering, life control and acceptance of death.(1) There are no significant differences in meaningfulness of life among volunteers with different gender, marital status, education level, current occupation and morbidity of family members.(2) There are significant differences in meaningfulness of life among volunteers with different age, religious faith, economic status, health status, experiencing death of close relatives and recognition of family members. 3、On the attitudes toward deathOverall, volunteers take the attitude of neutral acceptance mostly, followed by progressive acceptance, evading acceptance; rather than fearing and escaping death.(1) There are no significant differences in attitudes toward death among volunteers with different gender, marital status, current occupation and economic status.(2) There are significant differences in attitudes toward death among volunteers with different age, education, religious faith, health status, experiencing death of close relatives and recognition of family members and morbidity of family members.4、On well-being Overall, volunteers value interpersonal relation mostly, followed by life satisfaction, self-affirmation and health status.(1) There are no significant differences in valuing well-being among volunteers with different gender, education level, current occupation, religious faith, economic status, experiencing death of close relatives and morbidity of family members.(2) There are significant differences in valuing well-being among volunteers with different age, marital status, health status, recognition of family members.5、On relationship between meaningfulness of life and attitudes toward death(1) There are negative correlations among overall meaningfulness of life and fearing and escaping death.(2) There are positive correlations among overall meaningfulness of life and neutral acceptance and progressive acceptance of death.6、On relationship between attitudes toward death and well-being (1) There are negative correlations among fearing and escaping death and overall well-being.(2) There are positive correlations among neutral acceptance and progressive acceptance of death and overall well-being.7、On relationship between well-being and meaningfulness of life(1)There are positive correlations among overall meaningfulness of life, its sub-components of willings to pursue meaning of life, purpose of life, life control, acceptance of suffering and overall well-being and its sub-components of life satisfaction , interpersonal relationship, self-affirmation, health status. (2) There are negative correlation between acceptance of death and overall well-being.8、On predicting well-being of volunteers Main predictors of well-being of volunteers are pursuing purpose of life, life control and acceptance of suffering on the aspect of meaningfulness of life; and fearing death on the aspect of attitudes toward death.Based on the above results, concrete proposals for future follow-up researches are suggested..Key words：Hospice Volunteers、Meaningfulness of life、Attitudes toward death、Well-being
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Business Administration, Master/Ph.D Program in Management Sciences] Disserations and Theses(M. A. Program in Nonprofit Organization Management)

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