魏晉南北朝道教齋戒思想之研究─以《無上祕要》為中心

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Title:	魏晉南北朝道教齋戒思想之研究─以《無上祕要》為中心
Other Titles:	The Research on Daoist Jai- Jie Thoughts During The Period of Wei, Jin. Southern and Northern Dynasties: Centering on The「Wu-Shang Mi-Yau」
Authors:	張景賢 Chang, Chung-hsien
Contributors:	宗教學研究所黃國清 Kuo-ching Huang
Keywords:	齋醮;道教;無上秘要;齋戒 Daoist;WU Shang Mi Yau;Jai-Jiau;Chan-Huei ( confession );Zhai-Jie( fasting )
Date:	2013
Issue Date:	2014-12-23 14:28:57 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	「齋戒」幾乎存在於中國的每個民族，最初做為宗教祭祀的前置儀式，它的作用是淨化、聖化齋戒身心者，使其能與神明溝通。道教齋醮之儀，源於儒家的祭祀儀式，經南北朝上清、靈寶兩派及南北天師道道士之推演，發展成為體系。道教注重修齋，有設供齋、節食齋、心齋，道教自稱首重心齋，以求專志於一，虔誠其心。齋、戒、醮、懺之間具有密切關係，在形式上雖有所劃分，但在祭禱活動中常互相混融。大體上齋重齊心，戒重規範，醮重祈恩，懺重謝罪。道教齋懺實踐，並非來源於佛教，東漢已開始流行。《太平青嶺書》中便已有誡，東漢末張魯《老子想爾注》中已有九行九不行的規定。在《無上祕要》中卻多次的談及齋戒、齊上、懺悔和各種的應用齋法。如「齋戒品」、「靈寶齋宿啟儀品」、「三皇齋品」、「塗炭齋品」、「盟珍齋品」、「三元齋品」、「金籙齋品」、「黃籙齋品-」、「太真下元齋品」、「太真中元齋品」、「太真上元齋品」等等。為瞭解魏晉南北朝以前道教的懺悔、齋戒思想，和齋戒的禮文和禮意，本論文將以典籍《無上祕要》為中心入手以探討齋戒的禮文和禮義，以「史學歷史考據」和「文獻研究」的觀點與方法，思考《無上祕要》的「齋醮」儀式，嘗試為《無上祕要》「齋醮」的各種儀式與禁忌提出解釋。嘗試全面地從道教初期的首過、解罪，到齋戒、誡律的體系形成等一連串過程，尋求到疑問的解答期望能對此探求有所闡釋，進而對後來有意研究者有所助益。　　Zhai-Jie, a kind of pre-rites before many important ceremonies or events in Chinese culture, concludes several significances: purification of both physical and mental. Consecration, and seclusion. At first, Zhai-Jie was supposed to be a religious pre-rites. As time went by, in the period before the Wei Jin South - North Dynasties, the using and meaning of Zhai-Jie has changed: form only religion and to both religion and thinking.　　　The stem of an altar and prays in Taoism seems from Confucianist's sacrificial ceremony, pass through the Wei Jin Southern Northern Dynasties and Ling-bao gradually complicated. The Eastern Han Dynasty is popular it.　　　Taoism pays great attention to Zhai-Jie ,and said that the first center of gravity is Shin -Zhai, all attention and remembers in order to one, reverent his/her heart.　　　＂Tai Ping Ching Ling Shu ＂ then had warns, Eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Lu ＂Lau Tz Shiang Er Ju＂ had ziou shin and ziou bu shin stipulations, later also has.“ Lau Tz Shiang Er Jie.”.　　　In ＂ WU-Shang Mi -Yau ＂ actually multiple refers to Zhai-Jie, Chi-Shang, Chan-Huei ( confession ) and all kind of application Zhai-Fa(ways of.abstention)., such as “Zhai-Jie Pin”, “Ling-bao Zhai Su Chi Yi Pin ”, “San Huang Zhai Pin”, “Tu Tan Zhai Pin”,“Meng Jen Zhai Pin”, “San Yuan Zhai Pin”,,“Jin Lu Zhai Pin”, “Huang Lu Zhai Pin”, “Tai Jen Shia Yuan Zhai Pin”, “Tai Jen Jung Yuan Zhai Pin”, “Tai Jen Shang Yuan Zhai Pin” etc., 　　　In order to understand Taoism Chan-Huei ( confession ), Zhai-Jie( fasting ) thought , and the meaning of Zhai-Jie, before Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, This paper will take ＂ WU Shang Mi Yau ＂ as the center to collect all datas of Zhai-Jie, and use the “history textual analysis and criticism” and “thought research”, to pondered the ceremony of ＂ Jai-Jiau “ ,also to explain each kind of ceremony and taboo on the ＂ WU Shang Mi Yau ＂.As it should be to starting from Taoism initial period ( Shou-Guo →Jie-Tzuei → Zhai-Jie → Jie-Li ), to seek the answer of the question.
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