本文將解析攝影構圖的形成架構及其作用，如何被運用於攝影的空間感建構。 攝影構圖非單一生產技術，是由攝影元素與構圖原則、基本構圖法共同組成的影像生產系統。攝影元素是個別的單位，泛指任何視覺成分，不同物件之線條、光影、形狀、色彩、質地都是。構圖原則為構圖形成提供知識技巧，在達成攝影意圖的前提下，教我們「怎麼做」。基本構圖法則是構圖實踐的技術技巧，是攝影之視覺形式的具體呈現。由於力求操作簡易以便於套用，而以制式格式出現，因此常被誤以為是攝影構圖的全部。 攝影元素有許多，在攝影的空間感建構時，本文主張於幾何元素、光線元素、色彩元素、景深元素是影響空間感知最鉅者，且四者也是最容易以元素激發出主題的構圖元素。其次，本文將歸納七種構圖原則，論述其功能重點，及如何被用於為構圖指引創作方向與指導生產。此外，本文將藉由坊間常見之九種基本構圖法，說明其不同的空間視覺效果，及如何運用於攝影構圖。 依循以上要點而開展，本文於最後，將以筆者之教學示範作品、筆者所指導學生之學習作品為範例，對於攝影的空間感如何被構圖系統來建構予以圖證。而本研究結果，可作為不同攝影領域於空間建構之創作參考原則，及基礎攝影教學之教案參考範本。 This article is to explain the settings for composition and how they work on extensity for photography. Composition does not come from one single solution, but skills, principles and basic techniques. Photographers’ skills are to deliver imagery by means of lines, contrasts, shapes, colors and texture of the subject. Principles of composition provide the “know-how” for photography attempts. Basic techniques set the images by visualized composition. For the ease of elaboration, compositions are always illustrated in lines which are misunderstood as the only way in its form. When photographers’ skills are varied, this article suggests extensity can be developed by shapes, lighting, colors and bokeh which are also the common settings for composition. Also, this article will summarize 7 principles for composition, and how these can lead to creativity. More, the article will discuss 9 basic compositions which are widely used in visual effects and settings. Finally, I will demonstrate how extensity constructed in the photographs taken by myself and my students. Herewith my study explores the understanding of extensity in both imagery creativity and photography study.
