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| 題名: | 天台止觀在安寧療護應用之研究 |
| 其他題名: | Research on Application of Tientai Zhi-Guan to Hospice Care |
| 作者: | 釋天琳
Shin, Tien-lin |
| 貢獻者: | 哲學與生命教育學系
尤惠貞
Huei-jhen You |
| 關鍵詞: | 止觀法門;天台宗;安寧療護;身心轉化
Hospice Care;Zhi-Guan Approach;Physical and Mental Adjustment;Tientai |
| 日期: | 2013 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-01-05 17:53:34 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 〈普賢警示偈〉：「是日已過，命亦隨減，如魚少水，斯有何樂。」佛門僧眾每日晚課的唱誦，呼應著個人在臨終關懷臨床的體會。臨終病人用它寶貴的生命做示現，提醒我們覺察在有限的生命裡，該如何做最後的圓滿。 多變的情緒，是人臨終的課題。 死亡是人生最大的頓挫與失落。臨終病人在生命末期，不僅在色身上必須承受器官衰竭的巨大痛楚與哀傷，在心靈上也必須承載著，莫大沈重的情感負荷與死亡恐懼。 而我們身為陪伴者，看待生命的衰敗，如何從中去貼近臨終病人的身心靈需求。當中除了耐心的陪伴，穩定臨終病人的心靈，有效地消除病人對死亡的恐懼，則是最大的努力。 本文是以天台止觀在安寧療護應用之可能為研究主題，經由在安寧照顧的臨床實務，整理出臨終病人的靈性需求課題，以及透過天台止觀之義理與實踐，提供此靈性照顧因應之道，以期能幫助面對生死困頓的臨終病人得到安頓身心與轉化生命之可能依憑，從而能超脫有形重大身體疾病與無形的恐懼生死煩惱。 天台止觀雖以圓頓為究竟，但也應用漸次或不定等多元的止觀法門。並且顯示修習止觀並不限於宗教修行，同時也關聯著一般人日常生活的行止。若能在臨終關懷中適當的運用止觀法門引導病人，舒緩病人的負面情緒，對於改善生活品質，轉化現實生命，均有相當的幫助。 天台止觀的實踐，可在靜坐中觀行，也可在日常生活中觀行。靜坐中修證屬於靜中的訓練；而日常生活中的修證則屬於動中的訓練。透過內觀的如實觀照，了知諸法實相，培養安頓身心的力量，並能從死亡恐懼中得到解脫與自在。臨終病人若能依循天台止觀教理作生活實踐，則必能以「病」為介，體證當體即是空，而超脫臨終困頓的處境障礙與磨難。 綜攝而言，本文從日常生活的身心調適問題切入，藉由對於天台止觀的理解與詮釋，耙疏整理出適合應用在安寧療護的實作法門，真正的提供癌末病人在罹病療治過程中生命得以轉化的途徑，並由之真正圓觀生老病死，悟入佛之知見。 選擇以「天台止觀」與「安寧療護」之議題為研究與探討之素材，除了對臨終安寧療護將有更深入的瞭解外，並申述止觀法門應用在靈性照顧的重要性。期許自己做好幽谷伴行之佛教宗教師，讓每一位癌末病人，都能體驗到佛法的智慧光明，即使在人生最後一程也能感受到人間的溫暖、關懷與愛。
Warning Verses of Pu-Hsien Bodhisattva: “The day goes by so the life is shortened …”. The Buddhist cultivators’ daily Evening Chanting echoes individual’s clinical experience in hospice care. Dying patients demonstrating with their precious lives remind us to be aware of how to do the final consummation in our limited life. Variable emotion is a deathbed subject. Death is the biggest frustration and loss of life. In the end of their lives, dying patients not only have to endure the great pain and sorrow of organ failure bodily but also the heavy emotional burden and fear of death mentally. As a companion, how to get close to the physical, psychological and spiritual needs of dying patients while looking at the decay of life, in addition to keeping company with patiently, the greatest effort is to eliminate dying patients’ fear of death by stabilizing their minds. The subject of this article is studying the possibility of applying Tientai Zhi-Guan to hospice care. By clinical practice of hospice care sorts out dying patients’ spiritual needs, and through the doctrine and practice of Tientai Zhi-Guan provides the way to spiritual care and actually help dying patients who face the life-and-death hardship to obtain possible means to physical and psychological settlement and transformation of life, and therefore freely detach from the life-and-death vexations of the visible significant physical illness and the invisible fear. Although Tientai Zhi-Guan sees Yuan-Dun (圓頓) as its final stage, it also applies gradual or indefinite diversified Zhi-Guan approaches, and it appears that learning Zhi-Guan is not only limited to religious practice but also is associated with the behavior of average person’s daily life. If Zhi-Guan approach can be adequately used to guide dying patients in hospice care and cease patients’ negative emotions, there will be considerable helps for improving the quality of life as well as transformation of mundane life. The practice of Tientai Zhi-Guan can be done through contemplation in sitting or in everyday life. Sitting practice is the training in stillness while everyday-life practice is the training in movement. Through inner insights of contemplating as is, we realize the reality of all things, cultivate the strength to settle body and mind, and get liberation and self-mastery from the fear of death. If dying patients can practice according to Tientai Zhi-Guan doctrines in their daily life, by using ‘ill’ as a media they can detach from the obstacles and hardships of dying situation through self-recognition that all things corporeal are void in essence. To sum up, this article cuts into the issues of physical and mental adjustment in daily life. Through comprehension and interpretation of Tientai Zhi-Guan sorts out practical approaches that can be applied to hospice care, actually provides the way of life transformation to dying patients during treatment process, and owing to this make them perfectly observe birth-aging-illness-death, and come to realize Buddha wisdom. In addition to having a deeper understanding of hospice care, selecting“Tientai Zhi-Guan”and “Hospice Care”as the research and discussion materials is to state the importance of Zhi-Guan approach application to hospice spiritual care. Expect self to be a competent Buddhist religious teacher accompanying to walk through the valley of shadow, letting every terminal cancer patient experience the enlightenment of Buddha dharma wisdom and feel warmth, care and love of the world even in the last part of life journey. |
| 顯示於類別: | [生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班)] 博碩士論文-哲學與生命教育碩士班
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