南華大學機構典藏系統:Item 987654321/17733
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    題名: 歐洲聯盟氣候變遷政策－以碳排放交易體系納入航空器為例
    其他題名: European Union's policy in climate change--the case of inclusion of aviation in the EU ETS
    作者: 郭伊珊
    Kuo, Yi-shan
    貢獻者: 歐洲研究所
    鍾志明
    Chih-ming Chung
    關鍵詞: 京都議定書;碳排放交易;航空;氣候變遷
    Climate Change;EU ETS;Aviation;Kyoto Protocol
    日期: 2013
    上傳時間: 2015-01-05 12:02:50 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　歐洲聯盟作為國際氣候政策之領先者，以碳排放交易體系作為最主要的氣候政策工具，創造了全球最大的排放權交易市場，並通過修訂碳排放交易指令對該體系進行了大幅度的變革。但在目前歐債風暴愈演愈烈及世界經濟局勢低迷之情勢下，仍難以評估該體系在未來是否仍能正常運作。其中一項修訂即是將各國航空器納入歐盟碳排放交易體系，已在國際間引起廣泛爭議。此項開創性作為，歐盟亦是由內部各會員國最初的強烈質疑，經過中間的辯論、立場改變到最後的決策，共歷時十餘年戲劇化轉變方得以定案。而其納入航空器的政策確實具備前瞻性及爭議性，可反應歐盟對於氣候變遷之真實立場及意圖。後京都時代之國際及航空減排議題仍在發展中，過程中各國的經濟利益衝突亦將持續浮上擡面，可預期相關爭議短期難以解決。　　　本研究以歐盟碳排放交易體系納入航空器之做法為例，探討該政策在歐盟內部討論與形成的過程，以及國際的反應與回饋。經過歸納後發現，鑑於現有國際氣候建制可能無法產生一強而有力之減排制約力量，歐盟其碳排放交易體系納入航空器之政策必遭各國反彈，故利用以退為進的方式，藉此衝突讓雙方各讓一步，並產生某種程度之共識，在後京都時代努力達成一個國際航空減排協議，甚至在某種程度上也可能引導後京都談判方向。在另一方面，歐盟因陷入嚴重的債務危機，其碳排放交易體系亦因設計結構缺陷及市場嚴重萎縮而面臨困境，納入航空器減排確實可增加收入及交易量，甚至挽救其碳排放交易體系。
    　　As a pioneer in international climate policy-making, the EU uses its ETS as the most important climate policy tools, and creates the world's largest emissions trading market. The EU ETS also experience several significant reforms by amending the Directives. But in the current European sovereign-debt crisis and the downturn situation of world economy, it’s difficult to assess whether the EU ETS is still functioning in the future. One of the amendments by the EU to include aviation in the EU ETS has already proven to be internationally controversial. The entry into force of an EU law covering international aviation emissions is a significant move in a two-decade process concerning whether and how aviation emissions of CO2 may be abated. This groundbreaking policy which is forward-looking and controversial, takes decades and efforts to be created, revealing Brussels’ true standpoint and intentions in climate change policy. The issues of post-Kyoto climate regime and aviation emissions reduction are still under development. National interest will continue to come to light. Related controversy is hard to solved in the short-term.　　　This paper take “the inclusion of aviation in the EU ETS” for example, and seeks to outline the Brussels’ process of interior debate and generalize international response and feedback. In conclusion, As the EU did not foresee effective global measures emerging from cooperation under ICAO, as mandated under the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, the EU extended its EU ETS to control aviation emissions effective January 1, 2012. For accomplishing an international aviation emissions reduction agreement and attain global consensus in the post-Kyoto era, EU use this controversy and dilemma to make a further concessions in order to gain advantages. On the other hand, the inclusion of aviation in the EU ETS would increase revenue and trading volume of the emissions trading market, and even save EU ETS.
    顯示於類別:[國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-歐洲研究碩士班

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