「殉國」思想與行為之研究─以明季思想家劉宗周與陳確的生命抉擇為例

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 人文學院 > 生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班) > 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班 > Item 987654321/18285

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题名:	「殉國」思想與行為之研究─以明季思想家劉宗周與陳確的生命抉擇為例
其它题名:	A Research on the Thought and Behavior of Martyring Oneself for His Country--the Thinker Liu Zong Zhou and Chen Chueh's Life Choice in the Late Ming Dynasty
作者:	劉志英 Liu, Chih-ying
貢獻者:	生死學研究所釋慧開 Huei-kai Shih
关键词:	生命意義;生死抉擇;劉宗周;陳確;殉國 committing martyrdom for one's country;the meaning of life;the life and death choice;Liu Zong-zhou;Chen Chueh
日期:	2011
上传时间:	2015-01-20 10:11:57 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究從生命意義的角度探討殉國的思想與行為，以明朝末年士人的生死抉擇為研究範疇。首先界定自殺與殉國的不同，說明殉國並非單純的自殺。接著探究傳統思想中殉國觀念的源流與演變。　　　明朝末年的政治環境，是千古少見的黑暗與荒謬，而身處於那個時代舞台的士人，不得不面對現實，做出抉擇。不論殉國與不殉國，他們各有各的思想基礎與行為準則。此外，還有一種不關心生命意義，逃避生死考驗，沉淪於追逐功名的人，那就無關乎本研究的主題了。　　　最後以明末的兩位思想家：劉宗周與陳確做為對比。這兩人的關係是師生，同樣遭遇明末的亡國劇變。身為老師的劉宗周，以艱辛的死亡過程見證自己的學說；陳確則以未殉國的餘生，忍受貧病的折磨，著書立說，深刻思考生死與節義的問題；並針對社會弊病推動喪葬改革。他們都擁有生亦無怨無尤，死亦無悔無憾的人生。　　This research explores the thoughts and behaviors from committing martyrdom for one’s country from the meaning of life perspective. In addition, the life and death choice made by scholars during late Ming Dynasty era will be adopted as the scope for this research. First of all, let us distinguish the differences between suicide and martyrdom for the country then it is followed with illustrations that committing martyrdom for one’s country is not a simple case of suicide. Afterwards, this research will explore the origin and evolution for committing martyrdom for one’s country idea within the context of traditional thoughts. 　　　Political environment of late Ming era was one of the rare darkness and absurdity. For those scholars on the stage during that era had no option but faced the harsh reality and made necessary decisions. It did not matter whether committing martyrdom for the country or not, they had their own versions of thought foundation and behavioral standard. And there existed a kind of people who did not care about the meaning of life and escaped the torment from life or death, indulged themselves in the pursuit of both scholarly honor and official ranks. If that is the case, then it does not concern this research. 　　　Lastly, this thesis will compare two of the thinkers during late Ming Dynasty: Liu Zong-zhou and Chen Chueh. These two had the relationship of master and disciple. Similarly, they both encountered the drastic changes resulted from the demise of Ming Dynasty. Liu, as the master, witness the proof for his own scholarly theory through hardship during dying process. Chen, on the other hand, survived without committing martyrdom for his country, put up with torture from both extreme poverty and physical sickness, he still maintained the normal book writing and expounding of the doctrines, and engaged in deep thinking of questions like life and death in addition to righteousness. Moreover, Chen also promoted mourning and burial reforms by targeting to social ills and deficiencies. Both of them had the lives of living out to the fullest and dying without any regrets.
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