台灣水資源幾乎已開發殆盡，加上溫室效應所產生的氣候變遷等後果，導致各季節 下雨頻率差異極大，各地雨量的分配也不均勻，因此，自然界水資源的供給似乎已無法 再增加。因此，本計畫擬從用水需求面出發，探討在水資源供給固定下，如何透過水資 源管理模式用以改善水資源的消費，以達到永續發展的目標。用水需求主要來自三方 面：工業用水、農業用水、和民生(生活)用水。由於農業用水、和民生(生活)用水的行 為改變，牽涉到政治、教育等各方面的相互影響，無法單從政府的管理模式可以加以解 決。因此，本計畫的焦點放在工業用水的需求。本計畫的主要研究目的在探討如何制定 適當的水資源管理政策，用以鼓勵廠商(工業用水)透過廢水回收或雨水回收系統，自備 水資源；改善設備或製程以減少用水量，以提高水資源用水效率。 本計畫為三年期計畫，包括： 第一年從總體經濟面看過去台灣的水資源消費狀況，並探討影響總體水資源使用的 相關社經因素。換句話說，本年度的主要研究目的在探討分析總體水資源消費量與國民 所得的關係，透過庫茲涅曲線的運用，檢視水資源消費量與國民所得是否具有倒U 字形 的關係？除了所得因素外，是否有其他社經因素影響水資源的號用量。同時，本計畫將 針對目前國內水資源使用現況做初步的分析，以作為第二年分分析用水效率的主要數據 來源。第二年從需求面來分析工業用水的使用效率，並探討哪些因素影響工業用水效 率。第三年以政府立場，提出需求面的管理政策，制定適當的廠商用水自備率。再從廠 商的角度，透過問卷調查方式，了解用水自備率制定後，廠商的配合意願。最後，再整 合各年度的計畫結果，提出一整合性管理政策，以解決水資源問題。 Water resources have been almost exploited completely in Taiwan and it is very difficult to develop new water resources. Moreover, the warming-house effect also aggravates the uneven distribution of rainfalls across regions and seasons in a year. The fresh water supply from natural environment seems to be given and cannot increase. Under such a circumstance, this project focuses on demand side to solve the problem arising from insufficient supply of fresh water. In general, the demand for water resources is categorized three sectors: industry, agriculture, and domestic use. The water consumption for agriculture and domestic use are almost difficult to improve as the water consumption behavior in these two sectors involve very much with political process and education programs. Thus, this project attempts to develop a management system from demand side for industrial water use. This project will be implemented in 3 years. In the first year, we start from the macroscopic analysis on aggregate water consumption and examine the socio-economical factors affecting water consumption. In other words, we attend to examine whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists or not for water consumption. In the second year, we attempt to examine water use efficiency across a variety of industry and to identify the factors affecting efficiency value. In the third year, we will present a mathematical model to determine an optimal self-provision rate for industrial water use firstly. And then a survey will be conducted to understand the behavior response of water users (firms). Eventually, an integrated management system for industrial water use will be presented based on the empirical findings that are derived from previous years.
