中國戰略文化（Strategic Culture）的研究，是當今現實主義（Realism）與建構主義 （Constructivism）間理論爭議，與如何面對崛起中國政策辯論的交會點。依循現實主義 的傳統，崛起後的中國將走向侵略擴張、破壞體系穩定；但從建構主義的觀點出發，現 實主義純物質的見解則被認為是忽略了文化對行為的作用，是只基於西方經驗的片面斷 言。中國與西方有著不同的戰略文化，是中國「王道」與西方「霸道」的差別，如果不 考慮中國此一戰略文化的獨特性，將不能瞭解中國的戰略行為。只不過，這種「王道」 與「霸道」之別的見解，往往缺乏嚴謹的實證檢驗。目前雖有研究嘗試以有系統的方式 呈現宋、明兩代的歷史紀錄，視這兩個朝代為中國戰略文化解釋最可能成立的案例，來 駁斥這「王道」不同於「霸道」的論點，但這樣的實證研究仍然只佔相對的少數，且亦 存有概念與方法上的缺陷。中國究竟有沒有所謂的「王道」戰略文化？「王道」戰略文 化對中國的戰略行為究竟有沒有影響？本研究將採取物質基礎、理念慣性的觀點，以「王 道」戰略文化解釋真正最可能成立的清代為案例，對這兩個有關中國戰略文化的焦點問 題提供解答，以為當今的理論爭議與政策辯論提供參照。 Chinese strategic culture is the convergence of the theoretical debates between realist and constructivist and the policy debates about how to deal with the rising China. Following the tradition of realism, a rising China will go aggression and expansion, undermining the international stability. In contrast, according to the constructivist perspective, this realist materialist perspective ignores the role of culture on state’s behaviors and is an incomplete assertion based on Western experience only. In fact, China and the West have different strategic culture. Chinese “benevolent”is different from Western “hegemony.”Only when this unique Chinese strategic culture is considered can one understand China’s strategic behavior. Nonetheless, this “benevolent/hegemony”argument often lacks rigorous empirical testing. Some attempts was made by presenting historical records of Chinese Song and Ming Dynasties, taking these two as the most likely cases for strategic culture explanation. However, such empirical researches are relatively rare and contain conceptual and methodological flaws. Is there really a “benevolent”strategic culture in China? Did this Chinese “benevolent” strategic culture ever have an impact on China’s strategic behavior? This research project intends to introduce a material basis/ideational inertia perspective on the strategic culture and thus takes Chinese Qing Dynasty as the real most likely case to test the validity of cultural explanation. The finding will contribute to both theoretical and policy debates.
