50 年代共黨社會主義兄弟中共與蘇聯關係初建，60 年代就成為勢不兩立的對立衝突， 直迄90 年代始握手言和。近二十年來中俄關係已從友好的、建設性的成為戰略性的夥 伴關係，進入中俄前所未有之友好高峰期。實際上，中俄戰略協作夥伴關係是中俄的 共識與利益匯集於對美國霸權的威脅，是一種對情勢的反應(re-active)而非主動 (pro-active)解決雙邊潛在問題。由於美國對外戰略牽動中、俄關係的發展，中俄雙邊互 動也影響著大國權力平衡關係。中俄戰略協作夥伴關係的本質除了有關平衡美國霸權 外，既有的雙邊共識與追求利益張力似正影響著雙邊關係的發展。隨著美國單極的鬆 動與中國的崛起，中俄關係逐漸偏離傳統權力平衡的意涵，轉為更為複雜的「機制化 平衡」。因此，如從「國際建制」（international regime）三大學派－權力、利益、認知 三種不同面向的建制觀，去觀察二十年來的中俄關係，更能窺知中俄戰略協作夥伴關 係發展的全貌。雖然「俄帝侵華史」已成為過去，但是中俄雙邊反覆多變的關係變遷， 中俄戰略夥伴關係本質的變化，以及未來中俄關係如何向前行，中俄雙邊將如何建構 未來關係，都是本文所欲探討的課題。 In the 1950s the Communist partners-People’s Republic of China and Soviet Union established relationship initially, turned into opposite in the 1960s and buried the hatchet in 1990s. In the last two decades Sino-Russia relations have a friendly and constructive become strategic partnership as an unprecedented peak. Indeed, the Sino-Russian strategic partnership of cooperation is the collect of interest and consensus, facing to the threats of United States hegemony as a kind of re-active to the situation instead of pro-active to resolve bilateral potential problems. The foreign strategy of the United States affects the development of Sino-Russia relations that bilateral interaction also affects the balance of power among the great powers. The Sino-Russia bilateral consensus and the tension of pursuing for the interests seem to affect the development of Sino-Russia Strategic Partnership which in addition to equilibrate United States hegemony. With loosening unipolar of the United States and the rise of China, Sino-Russia relations gradually deviates from the traditional meaning of balance of power to the complex institutional balancing. Therefore, basing on the perspectives of international regime three schools-power, interest and identify observe twenty years of Sino-Russia relations, a better way to understand the whole developing situation of Sino-Russia strategic partnership. Although”the history of Tsarist Russia’s aggression against China”has become a past, the variation of Sino-Russia relations and strategic partnership and how to construct Sino-Russia relations forward to the future comes within the scope of this paper.
