| 摘要: | 台灣信仰文化發達，每年定期舉辦的寺廟慶典活動成為台灣本土特有的宗教藝術資產，其中的藝陣活動結合了宗教與文化藝術，更是台灣民俗藝術中重要的一部分，並且蘊含著中國象徵符號與文化意義，值得我們進一步去探討其豐富的藝術內容。本研究以藝陣中之家將團的八個主要角色的臉譜做為研究對象，包括「甘將軍、柳將軍、謝將軍、范將軍、春大神、夏大神、秋大神、冬大神」，旨在探討家將臉譜造形紋飾的元素特徵以及群眾對家將臉譜造形的感覺意象認知狀況。 本研究為達成研究目的，蒐集相關文獻資料，經歸納與整理後作為本研究之基礎，研究進行分為兩部份，第一部分為質性研究，研究方法採田野調查法、訪談法以及比較研究法，實地拍攝與蒐集家將臉譜樣本，接著進行專家訪談以深入了解家將臉譜造形元素之意涵，並將蒐集之臉譜進行造形分析與交叉比對，歸納出創始堂與現行台灣各地家將團臉譜之造形元素特徵以及其彼此間之異同；第二部份為量化研究，研究方法主要採用問卷調查法，運用語意差異法編製臉譜意象調查問卷，經預試、項目分析及信度考驗後，作為正式研究之調查工具，調查對象為全國北、中、南三個地區的一般民眾，採取分層隨機抽樣，有效樣本計200位，並運用描述統計、 t 考驗、變異數分析、因素分析及相關分析等統計方法，對資料加以統計分析與處理。 研究結果顯示，在家將臉譜的造形元素分析與比對上，可歸納出家將創始堂台南白龍庵「如意增壽堂」與台灣各地現行家將臉譜造形的元素特徵與紋飾種類。在家將臉譜造形感覺意象調查上，經統計結果發現，了解群眾對家將臉譜造形感覺意象認知，以及群眾不同的性別、年齡、居住地背景變項對家將臉譜造形的感覺意象認知部分出現差異存在，另外，在家將八個臉譜造形之間的感覺意象上多數呈現正相關。納歸研究結果與發現建立家將臉譜造形紋飾種類與群眾感覺意象認知，提供文化藝術創作者進行設計時之參考資料，並同時提升民眾對家將臉譜藝術的認識與了解，期能改善家將藝術長期被忽視的困境。
Taiwan's religious culture is well developed. The temple celebration holding regularly every year is unique religious art assets of Taiwanese. The Parade Formation activities combining religion with culture arts, and containing typical Chinese symbols and cultural significance are important part of folk art in Taiwan. It is worthy of this research to explore the rich artistic content. In this research, the samples are the Painted Faces of Household Generals about the eight main roles, including ＂ Gan General , Liu General, Xie General, Fan General, Spring God, summer God, Fall God, Winter God ＂. The purpose is to investigate the Painted Faces form elements and sensory imagery of Household Generals. The research had been divided into two parts, the first part is qualitative research, and the second part is quantitative research. In the qualitative research, this study employed the field investigation to shoot and to collect Painted Faces samples of Household Generals, the interviews to understand the Painted Faces form elements and meaning of ornamentation by visiting facial painting artists, and the comparative to analyze and cross-compare original with current Painted Faces form of Household Generals one by one to induce the element characteristics of Painted Faces form and the differences between the both. In the quantitative research, we used the questionnaire to investigate the sensory imagery of Painted Faces on the north, central and southern people in Taiwan. The pretesting questionnaire carries on the pre-test, project analysis and reliability tests to become an official questionnaire of this research. We used the SPSS statistics software to analyze and process the information, including descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA , factor analysis and correlation analysis. The result is generalizing the element characteristics and emblazonry types from analyzing the Painted Faces of Household Generals. The original and current Painted Faces form of Household Generals is the same approximately. Each facial painting form character has a fixed rule, but times change and reproduction causes the some differences of the form. The statistics showed people's sensory imagery awareness on Painted Faces form of Household Generals, and there is some discrepancy in the sensory imagery awareness of Painted Faces form of Household Generals on the people of different sex, age, place of residence. Besides, the correlation analysis on the eight Painted Faces of Household Generals showed significant positive correlation, excluding Gan Generals between Winter God and Liu Genera between Fall God. The research and discovery will set up emblazonry types and sensory imagery awareness on Painted Faces form of Household Generals. Some references and during the design will be to provide for the creators of culture and art. |
