在快速崛起的金磚四國中，以中國的發展最讓人注意。由於大陸近年來經濟快速成長，也大量吸引世界各國的金融服務業加速搶進大陸市場，對大陸當地的銀行體系產生極大的影響與衝擊。本文以中國大陸國有商業銀行、股份制商業銀行、城市 商業銀行為研究對象，分別以資本、營運成本、利息費用作為投入變數，而以放款和投資做為產出變數，採用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis；DEA）來衡量中國大陸商業銀行的營運績效，以了解中國大陸商業銀行的經營狀況。本文的分析包含2部份，第1部份探討國有商業銀行、股份制商業銀行、城市商業銀行此3種商業銀行的各種效率；第2部份將中國的商業銀行以區域做分類，探討是否會因區域發展程度的不同，而有不同的營運表現。 實證結果發現：(1)對於國有商業銀行、股份制商業銀行與城市商業銀行之比較而言：從2008 年到2009 年，不管是技術效率、純粹技術效率還是規模效率，國有商業銀行與股份制商業銀行的表現都呈成長趨勢，而城市商業銀行則呈現下降趨勢，顯示在2008 年這波金融海嘯中，城市商業銀行整體受到的衝擊相對較大。(2)就沿海地區的商業銀行和內陸地區的商業銀行之營運效率比較而言：從2008年到2009 年，雖然沿海地區的商業銀行其規模效率略有下降，但是技術效率與純粹技術效率則是呈遞增的現象，但反觀內陸地區商業銀行的表現，則因2008 年的金融海嘯而導致各項效率指標下滑。這樣的結果與經濟上的直覺吻合，因為在大陸的經濟發展過程中，沿海地區起步較早，各項營運與投資環境皆較完善，與國際的接觸也較早，故沿海地區商業銀行的營運表現自然較內陸地區商業銀行的表現靈活有效率。 The development of China most lets the human pay attention in the rising fast BRIC countries. This paper takes state-owned commercial bank, joint-stock commercial bank and city commercial bank of China as object of study, and uses capital, operating costs and interest charges as input variables, loans and investment as output variables respectively. We use Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) to measure the efficiency of the China commercial bank to evaluate the operating performance and conditions for three kind of commercial banks. This paper’s analysis includes two parts, the first part investigates each kind of efficiency of state-owned commercial bank, joint-stock commercial bank and city commercial bank, the second part classifies the commercial banks according to region and investigates that whether different level of region development has different impact on bank’s operating performance. The empirical results show that whether it is according to technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency or scale efficiency, from 2008 to 2009, the performance of state-owned commercial bank and joint-stock commercial bank had growing trend, but the city commercial banks’ performance was downward. This implies that the impact of financial tsunami in 2008 had significant effect on city commercial bank. We make a comparison of operating efficiency between coastal commercial bank and inland commercial bank and find some interesting results. Although the scale efficiency of coastal commercial bank declined slightly from 2008 to 2009, but the technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency had increasing trend. On the other hand, all efficiency indicators of inland commercial bank declined from 2008 to 2009 duing to financial tsunami in 2008. The performance of coastal and inland commercial bank is consistent with economic intuition. Owing to coastal area develops early during the process of China’s economic reform, so the firms in coastal area possess more consummate investment environment and operating equipment. The performance of the coastal commercial bank is more efficient and elastic than the performance of commercial banks because of the coastal area of China made contact with foreign early.
