| 摘要: | 本研究旨在建構與發展國小高年級學童因果報應觀量表，以文獻探討法、實地訪談及問卷調查等方法進行，所發展之正式量表共計28題，分為「德福一致」、「德福不一致」兩個層面，共有「德福一致—現世」、「德福一致—前世來生」、「德福無報」、「德福無關」等四個分量表。該量表不適合加總計分，宜分為兩層面進行分析。研究對象以分層叢集抽樣方式，抽取1000名中部八個縣市之國小高年級學童為樣本。 主要研究發現如下：1.各分量表的α係數介於.615至.858之間，其量表的內部一致性尚佳。2.各分量表的重測信度介於.611至.812之間，其量表的穩定性尚佳。3.當前國小高年級學童因果報應觀在「德福一致」層面以「現世」分量表平均數最高；在「德福不一致」層面以「德福無報」分量表平均數最低，顯示當前國小高年級學生偏向接受「善惡有報」，較不接受「善惡無報」。4.五年級學生較六年級學生更為相信因果報應觀。5.有宗教信仰的國小高年級學生較無宗教信仰者更相信因果報應。6.信仰佛教、道教及民間信仰之國小高年級學生較信仰基督教學生更為相信前世來生的因果報應。 本論文亦根據研究結果提出各項建議，以供後續研究及量表應用之參考。
The main purpose of this study was to construct and develop a karma scale for the pupils of high grade in elementary school. The study adopted literature review, field interviews, and questionnaire survey to develop the karma scale. The final version of the scale consisted of 28 items, divided into two subscales, separated into four factors. The subscales were ＂Virtue Coincides with Blessing＂, and ＂Virtue does not Coincides with Blessing＂. The four factors were ＂Virtue Coincides with Blessing--Present Life＂, ＂Virtue Coincides with Blessing--from Past to After Life＂, ＂Good and Evil with no Deservingness＂, ＂Good and Evil Unrelated to Fortune＂. This scale was unsuitable to add total scores. It should be divided into two aspects to analyze. The sample consisted of 1000 pupils of high grade in elementary school selected from six counties and two cities in central Taiwan by stratified cluster sampling in proportion. Descriptive statistics, item analysis, t-test, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. The findings of this study were concluded as follows:1. Reliability studies of the five subscales have yielded Cronbach α coefficients ranging from .615 to .858, indicating the internal consistency of the scales was still good.2. The subscales' test-retest reliability coefficients over a 4-week period ranged from .611 to .812, indicating the stability was still good.3. The karma conception of the present pupils of high grade in elementary school had highest average on the aspect of ＂Virtue Coincides with Blessing--Present Life＂, lowest on the aspect of ＂Good and Evil with no Deservingness＂. It displayed the current elementary school students tend to accept ＂the good and evil in return＂, and tend to reject ＂good and evil with no deservingness＂.4. Fifth-grade pupils believed in karma conception more than sixth-grade students.5. Religious elementary students believed in karma more than non-believers.6. Believing in Buddhism, Taoism and folk beliefs of elementary students believed in ＂Virtue Coincides with Blessing--from Past to After Life＂ more than Christian students. Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions were provided at the end of the study for the reference of the scale users and the future researchers. |
