| 摘要: | 本研究題目「阿底峽造論：《論入菩薩初學道》之譯注與研究」其中的《論入菩薩初學道》是選自阿底峽尊者的著作來加以翻譯、分析、詮釋的。阿底峽是西藏後弘期佛教復興的一大貢獻者。據西藏史料記載：自從藏王朗達瑪大肆毀滅佛教後，西藏「前弘期佛教」遭到非常嚴重的破壞；寺院不是被拆毀，就是遭到封閉，僧團組織解體，翻譯與學經的活動也完全停止。這樣的「黑暗時期」大約經歷二世紀左右，一直到西元十世紀後半，社會逐漸安定下來。但此時西藏社會對學佛的次第與見地有很大的歧見，對於顯乘與密乘的互融與否有很多的爭執，於是當時藏王遂迎請印度超戒寺住持阿底峽入藏整頓當時的佛教亂象。阿底峽透過翻譯、講經、著作、傳法來矯正此亂象。這部論著《論入菩薩初學道》也就在這樣的因緣際會下所生成的。 本論《論入菩薩初學道》主要是講一位初發菩提心的佛教徒在日常生活中的修持方式。從大乘種性、發菩提心、尋找老師、弟子行相、飲食、睡眠、密護六根、安置家眷家畜、觀照呼吸、大小便與身體清潔、佛堂擺設、供品供養、跪地合掌、觀修皈依境與資糧田、集資淨罪、懺悔、誦持皈依發心文、上座修止觀引發緣起與空性觀、布施、下座如何修、一天觀修幾次、如何對治惡習、顯乘修學次第、迴向……等等。這些都是指導初入大乘佛法的佛子，如何由凡夫走向菩提的道路。而更進一步而言，這部論著中也隱含著阿底峽尊者的佛學思想與實踐方式。本研究就是要來探討這樣的內涵。
The purpose of this study is to translate, analyze, and interpret《Byang Chub Sems Dpa' Las Domg Po Ba'i Lam La 'Jug Pa Bstam Pa》（論入菩薩初學道）in which is selected from the writings of The Venerable Atisha. Atisha is the greatest contributor of a revival in Buddhism after the prosperous period of Tibetan. According to Tibetan historical records, before the prosperous period of Tibetan, Buddhism was seriously destroyed because of the destruction conducted by King Lang Darma（藏王朗達瑪）The temples were either demolished or closed. The Sangha were disintegrated and activities such as translation and studying of Sutra were completely stopped. Such a ＂dark period＂ spanned about two centuries. It was not until mid 10th century did the society became gradually settled down. However, the Tibetan Buddhist community held very different opinions toward the sequences and insight of studying Sutra. There were many disputes on the issue of blending mahayana sect and estoric (mantra) sect. By that time, The King of Tibetan asked Atisha to stop the chaos by translating sutra, giving speeches, writing, and teaching. The book《Byang Chub Sems Dpa' Las Domg Po Ba'i Lam La 'Jug Pa Bstam Pa》was finally written under that twist of fate. The thesis of《Byang Chub Sems Dpa' Las Domg Po Ba'i Lam La 'Jug Pa Bstam Pa》is to discuss the self-cultivation methods of a devoted Buddhist, who trained himself through mahayana caste, rising bodhicitta, searching for teachers, apprentice behavior, diet, sleep, protecting six senses, taking care of livestock, observing breath, cleaning excrement and body, decorating chapels, giving offerings, kneeling and praying, converted to Buddhism, confessing, reciting scripture of four refuges, analytical and stabilizing, the concept of origin and emptiness, donating, how to maintain one's mind, how many times to practice meditation daily, how to get rid of bad habits, and transference of merits to others etc. in daily life. These are ways to instruct beginners to train themselves from ordinary people to Buddha. Moreover, the book elaborates Atisha's thoughts and practice of Buddhism. This study aims to discuss the insight of Atisha's work. |
