| 摘要: | 淨土思想的種類繁多，彌陀淨土思想一直為中國的主流，從東晉慧遠起至近代的印光等，歷代都有人對此淨土思想提出不一樣的觀點，修行方法亦有以念佛的方式；以坐禪為途徑，亦有兼併二者之優點來作為修持的法門。太虛和印順為近代著名之佛教改革者，對台灣佛教界有莫大的影響，二者的改革理念，乃同感於當時中國佛教之衰微，及不關心現實社會而提出。兩人創造人間淨土的主張，顯然和傳統中國淨土宗宣揚彌陀淨土信仰有很大之差異，故二人的淨土思想究竟為何？為本篇文章討論的重點。 本文主要從太虛與印順的彌陀、兜率、東方、人間淨土思想的相關著作中，來研究考察二者整體的淨土思想，再歸結出彼此人間淨土實踐理念的不同處，並對兩者所處的時代背景，包括社會和文化因素、淨土思想作差異性比較。最後分析出二人和傳統淨土觀點有何新的創見或繼承之關係。 太虛的彌陀淨土觀點，主要取決於中國傳統佛學，從中揀擇精華並融合西方科學理論來證明宣說。印順則回歸印度佛教來探求思想的正確性，採龍樹等人的論述，藉以澄清世人佛法觀念導向正確修行道途。二者的東方和彌勒淨土思想有繼承的關連，同樣著重現生應用，以凡夫身、慈悲心修利他善行，並側重彌勒下生建設人間之部分。二位談論他方國土思想時，皆已隱含人間淨土理念於其中，並將諸類淨土思想適於人間發揮的特點，納入人間淨土理論之中。故其核心觀點，雖一個以唯心佛性說為主張，一位偏重空性般若智慧之行持，但對於眾生應升起菩提心、實踐菩薩行來作為建設人間淨土最重要的成就關鍵是一致的。
There are many kinds of Pure Land thought in Chinese Buddhism,Amitabha Pure Land thought has been the mainstream in China,Eastern Jin Dynasty Hui Suan masters from the beginning until modern Venerable Yin Guang,etc.,through the ages,people suggested many different views about of Amitabha Pure Land thought,the practice patterns was recited the Buddha Name, meditated or contained these two approaches.Tai-xu and Yin Shun is the Buddhism of the famous reformer,they have a great impact at Taiwan's Buddhist community, and their reform concepts were because the decline of Buddhism in China and Buddhism did not care about the real world. They created a Pure Land in the proposition, apparently to different from the Pure Land sect of traditional Chinese.So the focus for the discussion of this article is what their Pure Land thought? This article from the Tai-xu and Yin Shun Amitabha, Tusita, Eastern Pure Land thought in their works,to study both the overall study of Pure Land thought,and then concluded with another concept of Pure Land practice differs,and the two background of their time,including social and cultural factors,differences in Pure Land thought for comparison. Finally the two and the Pure Land tradition of creative ideas,or inherit any new relationship. Tai-xu in Amitabha view depends largely on the traditional Chinese Buddhism,and from selective integration of the western scientific theory of the essence to show that utterance.Yin Shun,returned to India to explore the ideological correctness of Buddhism and to take the ideas of Nagarjuna etc.,and to clarified people's dharma of concept and gave them the right way of practice. Their Eastern and Maitreya Pure Land ideology have the relationship between inheritances, also focuses on real-life applications, as the identity of ordinary people, with compassion to help others,and focus on coming of Maitreya to build the world.When they were talking about the other Pure Land,all already implicit in the Pure Land concept which will play a variety of Pure Land thought suitable for human characteristics, into the Worldly Pure Land theory. Therefore, the core point, although an advocate Buddha-nature point of view, another emphasis on practice Prajna wisdom, but for all living beings should rise Bodhicitta, Bodhisattva practice is the most important key points of building a worldly Pure Land is the same. |
