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| 題名: | 中國大陸農村養老保險制度發展研究 |
| 其他題名: | A Study On The Social Insurance System In Main Land China Villages |
| 作者: | 陳寅祚
Chen, Yin-tzuo |
| 貢獻者: | 國際暨大陸事務學系亞太研究所碩士班
馬祥祐
Shiang-you Ma |
| 關鍵詞: | 社會保障;養老保險;農村養老保險;人口老年化
Pension insurance in village;Aging population;Social security;Pension insurance |
| 日期: | 2010 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-03-16 09:53:26 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 隨著醫療技術的進步，人類的壽命開始延長，並且隨著文化的改變，社會所依賴的養老單位─家庭，開始慢慢的衰退。從傳統大家庭發展到一家二至三人的小家庭，養兒防老的觀念逐漸有了變化。不僅是有些年輕人不願意與父母親同住，隨著人口往都市集中，許多老年人因為不適應都市生活，而選擇留在原本的居住地。這樣的轉變讓一些社會問題開始出現，上述的情形在中國特別明顯。 改革開放之後，中國的經濟開始起飛，讓沿海的一些城鎮有了飛快的進步。農村的年輕人為尋求更好的工作機會紛紛往都市移動，造成農村裡面只留下老年人與兒童。即使中國是受到了城鄉差距而忽略了農村該有的社會保障，但是在近年來中國人口結構迅速改變步入人口老齡化的背景之下，中國也開始注意到養老保險的問題。 農村老年人口佔全國老年人口的75%，為了適應農村經濟發展，因應人口老齡化所帶來的家庭養老負擔日益增加，中國大陸從80年代就開始調查研究農村養老的情況，並且探索農村養老保險在人口老化的背景下如何改革。但是由於中國農村由於經濟基礎比較薄弱，城鄉差距大，社會保障制度改革嚴重落後於經濟和其他方面的改革。也就是說，中國在追求經濟發展的時候，對於發展社會保障制度還是有一定程度的不足。 本論文最後研究發現農村養老保險面臨了隱性債務巨大，空帳問題仍未解決、保險費徵繳困難、立法滯後，政策調整不及時、就業的社會弱勢群體得不到保障以及農村養老保險發展遲緩等問題。所以應該要穩定農村社會養老保險的基本政策，透過家庭養老保障與社區、國家資助先解決目前的情況，當然也可以考慮逐步增加稅收，來支持農村養老保險的改革，最後應該將整個國家的養老保險金做有效的管理與增值來解決目前赤字龐大與空帳問題。
With the advancement in medical technology, human life expectancy begins to elongate. Moreover, as cultural norms change, the family, the unit that the society used to depend upon as pension, has begun to dwindle. When the traditional extended family has been gradually substituted by nucleus family, the concept of bringing up children for the sake of being looked after has also transformed. Some youths were reluctant to live with their parents, and many elderly choose to stay where they live as they may not be able to get accustomed to urban life. Such transformations lead to some social problems, and this is particularly apparent in Mainland China. Subsequent to reforms and opening-up, China’s economy began to soar, and some speedy development is observed in coastal towns and cities. The youth in villages move toward the cities for better job opportunities, leaving the elderly and children behind in the villages. Even though Mainland China ignored the social insurance that villagers deserve because of the gap of standard living between the city and the countryside, it has also begun to notice this issue of pension insurance as the aging population increased. The population of the elderly in villages accounts for 75 percent of the aging population all over the nation. To accommodate the economic development in villages and the increasing burden of taking the elderly, Mainland China has embarked on investigating pension in villages and exploring the reforms of pension insurance since the 1980s. Nonetheless, a certain degree of deficiency was observed in the social security system, mainly due to several reasons, including the relatively weak economic foundation, great gap between urban and rural areas, and the social security reforms seriously lagging behind economic reforms. This study hopes to investigate the development of social welfare system in western countries and thereby make a comparison with the development of this system in Mainland China. It is hoped that findings regarding the endowment insurance in urban areas may bear implications for the endowment insurance in rural areas. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-亞太研究碩士班
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