台灣自1987年鬆綁大學設立限制後，高等教育乃迅速擴張，對照勞力需求面之調整步伐，一股「愈來愈多大學學歷者從事非大學性質工作」之說法甚囂塵上。因此，本文旨在探索1993~2005年間，台灣擁有大學學歷之「年輕工作者」（指年齡介於18~33歲且工作經驗介於0~10年之勞工）從事「非大學性質工作」的比例是否逐漸增加？由於科技進步快速，所謂大學與非大學性質工作所需具備技能亦與時不同，故在將工作分類時需考量此一因素之影響，盼讓定義之分類工作亦能與時漸進。因此，本文參考Gottschalk and Hansen (2003)之勞動市場供需均衡模型所推導出之量化分類法和Hecker (1992)之主觀分類法，利用1992~2006「家庭收支調查報告」資料，計算並分類所謂「大學性質工作」與「非大學性質工作」。研究結果顯示，整體年輕工作者的「大學溢酬」（擁有大學學歷工作者與不具大學學歷工作者之薪資差異）有逐年減少之趨勢，且群組分類工作雇用大學學歷者之比例逐漸提高，兩者互為反向關係，此因大學學歷者之勞動供給增加，促使其相對薪資下降。再者，藉由Logit與Probit模型分析得知，台灣擁有大學學歷之年輕工作者從事非大學性質工作之比例呈現逐年遞升之趨勢，且至2002年後有加速升高之現象，此趨勢與美國（1983~1994）和葡萄牙（1986~1999）該國所做之類似研究的結論相反。推測兩者差異之主要形成原因是台灣高等教育制度之變革造成大學畢業生供給過剩，但勞力需求面卻無法配合調整到位，因而形成擁有大學學歷者從事非大學性質工作之現象。 In Taiwan, the restriction on the establishment of universities had loosened since 1987. Since then the higher education system had been expanding rapidly. Comparing to the demand side adjustment of the labor market, an argument for “more and more college workers go into noncollege jobs” has been widely discussed. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the issue of “Is the proportion of young college workers (18-33 years of age with less than or equal to 10-years labor market experience) in noncollege jobs increasing from 1993 to 2005 in Taiwan?” Due to the rapid technological innovation, the required skills of college and noncollege jobs also differ with time, therefore, we need to take this factor into account to make the classified jobs also vary with time when classifying jobs into college and noncollege types. This paper uses data from the 1992-2006 Surveys of Household Income and Expenditure, and refers to the qualitative classification method that is derived from the supply-demand model given by Gottschalk and Hansen (2003) and the subjective classification method utilized by Hecker (1992) to compute and define what the “college” and “noncollege” jobs are. Our results indicate that the trend of young workers’ college premium (i.e, the difference in log earnings between a college graduate and a noncollege graduate) is decreasing over time and the proportion of college workers in the occupation-specific jobs is gradually increasing. The negative relation between these two is for the reason that the increasing labor supply from college graduates causes their relative wages decrease. Furthermore, by using Logit and Probit models we find that, in Taiwan, the probability of young workers who possess university degrees but employ in noncollege jobs raises year by year, and the increasing rate become more acutely after 2002. This trend is contrary to the similar studies done for USA (1983-1994) and Portugal (1986-1999). The likely reason that our results trend differently with the others is that the innovation of Taiwan’s higher education system caused oversupply from college graduates while the labor market is incapable of absorbing this supply, consequently, the situation that college workers in noncollege jobs shaped up.
