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| 題名: | 德國婚姻法制對重婚之規定－與我國重婚規定之比較 |
| 其他題名: | The study of bigamy regulations: A comparison between Germany and Taiwan |
| 作者: | 王宏志
Wang, Hung-chih |
| 貢獻者: | 歐洲研究所
虞和芳
Ho-fang Yu |
| 關鍵詞: | 重婚;兩性平等;一夫一妻婚姻制度;婚姻制度
regulation systems;monogamy;gender equality;bigamy |
| 日期: | 2010 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-03-16 13:22:21 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 十八世紀啟蒙時代之開始，人權思想肇因於此，婦女受到這一波運動的影響，也開始注意到自身之權利，女性主義思潮應運而生，其方向大抵為反對傳統的父權制度（patriarchalism）的性別不平等，而後則為爭取女性特質之特別保障，此為整體人類人權保障之一大躍進，且女性主義之精神也發揚至全球，因而隨著時代、地域及文化環境的不同，而產生不同之訴求，第二次世界大戰後，人口結構與經濟社會大環境之改變，歐洲社會對於女性之需求大增，更為女性權利增長之大躍進，加上人權保護已從國內議題成為國際上重視之ㄧ環，對女性權利之保護以對兩性平等之爭取，隨著時間日趨進步，對女性之保障現今也無看見退轉之趨等，不再只是內國事項，對之違反情節嚴重者，更可能遭受國際譴責與制裁，從而與女性權利之保障與人權保障密不可分。 而家庭為國家社會之根本，家庭之建立有賴於健全之婚姻制度，故社會之性別平等與對女性之保障是否健全，可從家庭與婚姻制度中，一窺究竟，而一夫一妻婚姻制度，為最符合現今社會男女平等原則之觀念，且在男女平等原則之大前提下，對於家庭社會之穩定與發展亦為最良好之制度，否則如在男女平等前提下，婚姻自由亦無一夫一妻婚姻制度之節制下，所造成家庭社會之混亂，實殊難想像，故德國將此精神明文規定於憲法之中，而我國透過大法官釋字第三六二號、五五二號解釋，亦使一夫一妻婚姻制度得到憲法制度性保障位階之確定。 相較於德國與我國之不同處，在於一夫一妻婚姻制度為德國天主教所定下之規矩，已深入為其傳統之一部份，而在我國，則為清末方從外國引進，於此之前，並無此觀念，因此此制度之發展上，兩國存在相當大之差異誠屬當然，甚至我國將此概念引進並明文於法律中後，仍因特殊國情，而有不同面貌之發展過程，與德國以一夫一妻婚姻制度為傳統之法律規定演進，亦具有特殊之處。 本文從兩國之傳統婚姻制度，到近代兩國之憲法、民事法律、刑事法律作比較，以探討其發展過程及現今法律規定之異同處，並且將德國法律作為我國現行法之檢討與以後修法之建議依據，德國法律如有缺失，亦得為我國法律之借鏡，此為比較法之功能目的所在。
Thoughts of human rights were brought through the 18th century's Enlightenment Period. As a result, women started to pay attention to their rights, leading to feminism. The followers of feminism opposed the gender inequality in patriarchalism. Afterwards, they fought for specific protections for females, making a large breaking through in overall human rights and a spreading of feminism. However, different demands of feminism are required according to various age periods, geographic regions, and cultural contexts. After the World War II, because of changes in population structure and socio-economic environment in Europe, there was an increasing demand and a big breakthrough in female rights. Besides, due to the progressive international issue of human right protection, there was a continuing defense of female rights and seeking of gender equality. Critical violators of female right rules would even be condemned and punished world-widely. From then on, human rights and female potency had become indispensable. The basic unit of country and society is family, which is set up according to well-established marriage regulations. Gender equality and female right protection in a society can be seen and understood in those regulations. Monogamy not only best conforms to concepts of gender equality in contemporary society, it also helps stabilizing and developing households. A society of marriage liberty without constraints of monogamy would be in disorder. In German constitution, the essence of monogamy is clearly described. With the explanatory notes of Grand Justice (pt. 362 and 552), the essence is also ensured in Taiwan constitution. The difference of monogamy between Taiwan and Germany is its history and development. In Germany, monogamy was rooted in traditions of Catholicism while in Taiwan, monogamy was introduced by the end of Ching Dynasty. After putting monogamy into regulations, compared to Germany, the development is also different because of varied national conditions. The present article provides comparative viewpoints in Taiwan and German regulation systems, from conventional marriage regulations to constitution, civil laws, and criminal laws in modern times, focusing on the development. Moreover, based on German regulations, we could have insights into Taiwan's regulation systems, no matter concerning amendment or revision. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-歐洲研究碩士班
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