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| 題名: | 以子女親權為前提之國家介入權－論歐洲與我國之制度規範 |
| 其他題名: | The right of parents to their children is the prerequisite for the rights of state intervention--on the system standard in Europe and Taiwan |
| 作者: | 陳詩怡
Chen, Shih-yi |
| 貢獻者: | 歐洲研究所
虞和芳
Ho-fang Yu |
| 關鍵詞: | 子女最佳利益;兒童權;親權;家庭自治;家庭;國家介入
family;children rights;state intervention;the best interest of the child principle;parental rights;family autonomy |
| 日期: | 2010 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-03-16 13:22:33 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 未成年子女是國家未來的主人翁、我們社會未來的希望，但由於未成年子女具有未成熟的特質，故其權益總是在不斷變化的社會結構中，最常遭到忽視。 首先，本論文以家庭婚姻關係的夫妻關係作為開端。在家庭關係中，又以親子關係及核心的親權最為重要。申言之，親權係父母基於其身分，依法律規定而當然發生，現代法上，謂以保護教養未成年子女為中心之職分，不僅為權利，同時為義務，內容有親子法之意義、親權的內容、親權行使與限制以及夫妻別居時之親權行使及義務負擔，用以行使權利負擔義務之責任依循脈絡。 在兒童權方面，本論文從兒童權利公約發展與演變著手，探討未成年子女應享有那些權利。此外，本論文探討離婚後父母對於未成子女權利義務之行使與負擔應如何分配與執行，以及探討目前法律主流觀念的「子女最佳利益原則」的內涵。 由於子女最佳利益原則（the best interests of the child principle）在家庭親子法領域是很重要的原則，主要適用於父母離婚後對未成年子女權利義務之行使與負擔方面，已蔚為世界潮流。無論是在德、英國及我國，均發展成為法院用於處理父母離婚後子女監護案件之最高指導原則。然所謂「子女最佳利益原則」，係不確定法律概念，雖由法院依子女最佳利益原則之內涵加以考量適用。惟如何將此概念運用於具體之個案方面，卻易衍生爭議。 本論文再就「夫妻關係消滅後之親子關係」中，內容分就婚姻消滅後親權之內涵、婚姻消滅後親權行使之態樣與決定、國家介入親權(家庭干預)之法理基礎及夫妻婚姻消滅後未成年子女監護人酌定之問題，探討夫妻婚姻關係消滅後，對於未成年子女之權利義務行使及負擔所產生之事實上及法律上之問題，是以夫妻未能就未成年子女權利行使及義務負擔為協議時，國家遂以公權利介入之法理基礎，以確保未成年子女於父母親無法續營婚姻之後，仍然可確保未成年子女之最佳利益。 然而，隨著世界地球村概念之形成，婚姻關係中之配偶不再侷限於本國籍人，惟因各國風土民情、社會習俗等之差異，故往往造成跨國監護權之爭奪。本論文第五章，將釐清監護以及親權兩種截然不同之概念，且佐以「關於國際間誘拐兒童民事部分公約」規定之精神，提議以「子女最佳利益原則」作為未成年子女監護權確定之最高指導原則。 觀之我國目前現狀，於國際社會上不被視為係獨立主權之國家，自無加入公約之可能。根據公約現行之架構下，亦不允許以「組織」或「個別慣例上法域」的形式加入公約。唯一的可能，即我國透過非政府組織以觀察員之身分，申請參與海牙國際私法會議之議程，以致不落於國際趨勢發展之外。然在上述方法仍屬被動之情況下，本文建議，現階段積極之作法，應是透過國內立法之方式，將公約規定及其精神具體落實於我國法制上，同樣亦可達到與一九八○年及一九九六年海牙公約所追求之確保親權有效行使與兒童權利保障之目標相同之結果。再者，藉由剖析我國相關實體、程序規定之不足之處以提供修正建議 最後，著重子女權利應如何來加以保護，並以子女虐待為中心來論述，及虐待子女之行為與治療之相互關係作一探討，並論及到現行我國法律體系上對於子女虐待應如何來保護之機制與規範。
These under-aged children are our country's future hosts, our society's future hope, and yet due to their immaturity, in a society with ever-changing social structures, these children are often neglected. First of all, this paper starts with family oriented relationship in the Marriage between Relationships of Couple.The main point states on the most important family oriented relationship and the focus ＂kinsfolk＂, which means parents can exercise their responsibility since their position are parents, in the present generation law, are the main job to protect nonages children, not only the rights but also the duty, the previous points have divided into summarize, the construction of family oriented law, content of kinsfolk, the droit exercise and limit of kinsfolk, and the responses and droit exercise of kinsfolk during separation of couple and by using the response abeyance to have parents bear them. The rights of children,my paper research goal is to discuss and evaluate, beginning from the development of Convention on the Rights of the Child, to the rights and interests that are supposed to be enjoyed by minors. In addition, this paper will discuss the mainstream and current legal perceptions behind the meaning of the ＂in the children's best interest＂ principle. ＂The best interests of the child＂ is the most important principle in family law area, in deciding child custody is the mainstream of the world. No matter in Germany , UK , in all actions concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration .But the best interests of the child is the indeterminate conception. How then do the courts determine what is the best interests of every child? The answer is by painstakingly assessing the individual circumstances of each and every case and the individual needs of each and every child. This paper, Family Oriented Relationship after Husband and Wife's Relationship Remove. The content of this chapter, the contain of kinsfolk's droit after marriage remove, then the decision of kinsfolk's droit exercise after marriage remove, and the determination of the nonage children's guardians which is the problem basic structure of family interfere in kinsfolk's droit, which is according to bear the droit exercise by nonages children then the country will step in by the basic of public right, which is to ensure the best profit of the nonages children whose parents can't have their marriage relationship existence anymore. However, with the formation of the concept of Global Village, the marital spouse is no longer confined to the same nationality. Therefore, transnational guardianship dispute arises frequently due to the differences of social customs among countries. This article five will clarify to two distinct concepts of guardianship and parental right.Supporting with the rule of ＂Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of international Child Abduction Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction.＂Advocating ＂the principle of best interests of the children＂ shall be the primary guideline to the decision of minor children's guardianship. As a country not considered as sovereignty independent internationally, we are almost unlikely to accede to the Convention. Under the existing framework of the Convention, it is not allowed to accede to the convention in the form of ＂organization＂ or ＂individual practice on the jurisdiction.＂ The only possibility not to be isolated in the international development is through non-governmental organizations as observers applying to participate in the agenda of the Hague Conference on Private International Law. However, the possibility remained passive in the circumstances. Therefore, this paper suggested the positive approach at this stage, should be through domestic legislation in a manner that will be the spirit of the provisions of the Convention and its implementation in the legal system of Taiwan. In this way, the same results of ensuring the effective exercise of parental authority and children's rights protection could be reached in coherence with the 1980 and the 1996 Hague Convention. This article then provides proposed amendments by analyzing insufficiencies of procedural requirements and substantial requirements in our country. This chapter last is to discuss the child abuse treatment, for example, punishment, emotional abuse treatment or negligence for child. At the same time, it discusses several legislative systems for child protection. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-歐洲研究碩士班
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