汽車減排政策對歐盟主要汽車工業之影響：從德、法、義、瑞汽車工業競爭與合作面向分析

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Title:	汽車減排政策對歐盟主要汽車工業之影響：從德、法、義、瑞汽車工業競爭與合作面向分析
Other Titles:	The influence to major auto industry in EU on the policy of carbon emission: analysis from the point of view of competition and cooperation among the nations of Germany, France, Italy, Sweden
Authors:	王肇偉 Wang, Chao-wei
Contributors:	歐洲研究所洪茂雄 Mao-hsiung Hung
Keywords:	歐盟汽車工業;德國汽車工業;法國汽車工業;義大利汽車工業;瑞典汽車工業;全球暖化 German auto industry;Italian auto industry;Global Warming;European Union auto industry;Swedish auto industry;French auto industry
Date:	2009
Issue Date:	2015-03-25 16:01:11 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	汽車產業至今屹立不搖的主因，乃在於它能影響一國經濟命運的能力，正如同它可對個別消費者生活產生影響，從開始於一部汽車設計至顧客將汽車報廢為止，均和汽車工業相關，故牽動範圍層面相當廣泛。在歐洲聯盟的深化與廣化發展下，於2007年歐盟會員國數達到27個，使得歐洲聯盟成為全球第一大經濟體。在歐洲聯盟境內具民主、市場經濟自由化、高人力素質、低廉的勞工成本、零關稅，加上1985年12月盧森堡（Luxembourg）高峰會通過單一歐洲法（Single European Act），並於1993年1月實施單一歐洲市場（Single European Market），使得四大流通：人員、資金、貨物、勞務可自由通行等因素，讓全球各國皆不敢忽視此黃金寶地。　　　　在全球所有產業發展過程中，汽車工業的發展改變了千百萬人的生活方式，它的誕生帶來了人們在日常中速度、便捷、自由與機會，更縮短了兩地間的距離，成為現代人類代步主要工具。隨著汽車工業發展，人們對汽車需求、舒適及安全等相關議題與日遽增，相對提升汽車製程的複雜度，大量專業製造廠紛紛成立，汽車生產總數量大規模成長，汽車排放二氧化碳量亦逐年增加，加上工、商業高度發展之影響，增加溫室氣體排放造成大氣負荷過多的二氧化碳，太陽熱能存於大氣而無法散去，演變成氣候變遷全球暖化（Global Warming）現象。因此1997年12月，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約（UNFCCC）第三次締約國會議通過京都議定書（Kyoto Protocol），並於2005年2月16日正式生效，主要是規範38個國家以及歐洲聯盟。　　　　為確保永續發展2007年12月19日歐洲聯盟執委會通過，2012年將汽車二氧化碳排放量降低為每公里120公克，因此於2012年所製造生產的新車必須達到此項標準才能在歐洲聯盟境內銷售，而此政策將衝擊歐洲聯盟與世界各國現今之汽車工業發展技術、科技以及迫使提高汽車銷售價格。　　　　對於此項政策之推行效果是否收效，端看政府的政策行銷對企業組織與全民（消費者）之認同與回應。在政策制定過程中，政府、企業與全民（消費者）間是否有密切的溝通聯繫，以及政府的配套措施實施，也會決定政策在推行過程中，能順利推展的因素和品質，鑑於這些議題發展，勢必衝擊歐洲聯盟汽車工業發展，進而影響整體歐洲聯盟各主要汽車工業國的競合關係。目前整個歐洲聯盟會員國中有整車出廠能力的，要以德國、法國、義大利、瑞典等汽車工業國家為主，在配合減排政策下各國對汽車工業政策之反應能力、應變速度，將會是影響各國汽車工業之市場消長，故很值得研究與關注。　　Car industry has a wide field : from the very beginning of a car design till scrapped. The capability of the car industry affect both the normal life of consumers' and certain nations' economic outcome. That is the reason why the development of car industry is steady. Car industry brings the European Union to a top economic body in the world after their members reached 27 members .The democracy, the liberalization of market economy high level human resources, cheaper labor cost, zero-tariff, among the nations of EU, and effective the ＂single European market＂ program on January 1993 according to the 'Single European Act' of summit in Luxembourg, December 1985, lead to the four free flows in human resources, capital, goods and services among the members of EU. Thus the whole world can not ignore this Golden State .　　　　During the developing period of various industries, the development of car industry has changed the way of life for million of peoples, Car is a very important and significant invention which can bring people more freetime and opportunities for it's speed and shorting the time of distance in stead of walking. The development for comfort and safety is increasing dramatically, accordingly, the increasing complexity of the quality standard of the car manufacturing has grown dramatically. Further more the high development of the industry and commence has the emission of carbon dioxide from automobile, and the increasing of emission of gas from the greenhouse to create excessive carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, therefore Solar thermal couldn't spread in the air and gradually turn into Global Warming. The 3rd meeting of the members of UNFCCC passed the Kyoto Protocol and on 16th February 2005 is effective officially, putting the relevant regulatory issues onto 38 nations and EU. 　　　　To ensure the sustainable development, the executive European Commission was resolved on19 December 2007, the exposed required rate of CO2 to decrease to 120 gram per kilo mile, hence any new model by year 2012 and after has to reach the new mentioned standard to be allowed into the market. The policy will impact the selling price and technology not even the EU but globally. 　　　　The effectiveness of this policy in execution phase will be depended on government's recognition and reaction from consumer and business organization. In the process of policy formulation, the intensive communication between government, business sector, people, and the necessary progress complying with the government are the main factors for the success and quality of such policy. The development of these subjects will impact the car business of EU, further affect the status of competition and partnership among the car industrial nations of EU. In EU only Germany , French, Italy , and Sweden are capable to produce the whole car, the capability and speed to react to the policy of CO2 exposure from nations will affect up and down of the car market, so, it is worth to put more efforts in concern and study .
Appears in Collections:	[Department of International and China Studies, The M.A. Program of Asia-Pacific Studies and Public Policy Studies] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in European Studies)

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