中國武術身體觀之研究—以白鶴拳為中心

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Title:	中國武術身體觀之研究—以白鶴拳為中心
Other Titles:	Study on the Body Concepts of Chinese Martial Arts--Main Force on White Crane Chuan
Authors:	王于寧 Wang, Yu-ning
Contributors:	生死學研究所歐崇敬 Chung-ching Ou
Keywords:	中國武術;白鶴拳;象形拳;身體觀 Body Conceptions;Chinese Martial Arts;White Crane Chuan;Imitation Boxing
Date:	2008
Issue Date:	2015-03-26 16:29:49 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	目的：探討中國武術身體觀，以白鶴拳作為研究範圍。方法：以中國道家（教）「形、氣、神」之人體觀為理論基礎，探索白鶴拳外顯可見的運動形態，以及內斂不可見的吐納之術與技擊思維。　　　　總結：白鶴拳「以鶴為形，以形為拳」。以吞、吐、浮、沉四功與飛、鳴、宿、食四法（形），作為行拳煉氣的基本準則。身體動作以「舒展大方」、「柔和自然」、「緩急適中」為宜。訓練頭、身、手、足之全身三十六骨節合為一體，即「五肢歸一」的整體勁道。並透過擬人化的比附方式，將貓補鼠的神韻，猛虎出林的迅捷，飛鳶臨空而下的穩健，黑熊甦醒後的沉穩態勢等特點，融入於拳母之中。行拳過程之三七高馬必須浮中帶沉，四六低馬則是沉中帶浮，體現出「陰中有陽、陽中有陰」，意即「陰陽合一」、「剛柔並濟」的身體思維。　　　　行拳煉氣必須收攝身心，精神專一的以意領身。認為神和氣充則百脈通暢，勁力自然俱足，以達「運柔成剛」為目的。採腹式逆呼吸法，吸氣時，提腸束氣，陰陽二氣交會，吐氣時，精神意識導引內氣下沉入丹田。此種「提腸轉肚」的煉氣方式，在於充實下丹田的聚氣能力，使內氣下達腰腹間，並且能夠進行圓運動的輪轉，形成「氣沉丹田」的「不倒翁」狀態，奠定白鶴拳以氣擊人的「丹田功」。陰陽二氣經由「一蓄一發」之「呼」、「呵」、「吓」、「咳」等長、短鶴鳴聲的運使，將「丹田氣」傳送至身體的著力點。遇敵之時，以靜制動，瞬間「由內而外」之「丹田功」，配合「由下而上」之「腳力通於身，身力通於手」的爆發出彈、抖、顫之宗勁（駿身）。　　Purpose: The research takes White Crane Chuan (Bau-He Chuan) as the researching scope for body concepts of Chinese martial arts discussing. Methods: The research takes the body concepts of Chinese Taoism, Xing(appearance) – Qi(breathing technique) – Shen(spirit mind), as the researching basis to search for the visible motion appearances of White Crane Chuan, and the invisible breathing and exhaling skills within battle deliberation. 　　　　Conclusion: White Crane Chuan takes four efforts, Tuen(Swallowing) - Too( Spitting) - Foo(Floating) - Cheun(Sinking), and four skills, Fei( Flying) – Ming (Screaming) – Su(Sleeping) – Shi (Eating) as the essentials norms for boxing and breathing. The body motions should be tender to nature and moderate of greater or lesser urgency in proper. It also request body, head, hands to combine with thirty six joints as the whole vigor, which was called “Wu Zhi Gui Yi (five limbs go back to one).” The personalized characteristics for the looks which cats prepare to catch mice; for the agility which fierce tigers dash from the forest; for the firm which flying kites nosedive from sky; for the stable posture which black bears regain consciousness, are melted into boxing origins. When processing the White Crane Chuan, it must be asked floating within sinking by 30-70 % in high footwork, but sinking within floating by 40-60 % in low footwork. White Crane Chuan emphasis on “combining with yin and yang with each other” as the purpose, it means that the body thinking to come over “yin within yang, and yang within yin” and “solid within soft.” 　　　　When practicing White Crane Chuan, people have to restrain body and concentrate mind for guiding body. It is considered that if the sprit in mind were in peace, then the qi would be sufficient; if the qi were in sufficient, then veins and physiques would be flowing and produce vigor. When practicing Qi, people should take abdomen contrary breathing methods. When it is in inhaling, people should raise the intestines for limiting qi and make yin yang blending; when it is in expiring, people should guide internal qi down into the lower part of abdomen by physique softening and spirit conscience. This qi practicing method “intestines rising and abdomen turning” is based on qi sufficient of the lower part of abdomen, and is able to process the circular turning movement between the waist and abdomen for settling the “Dan Tain Kung (the lower part of abdomen kung fu),” which could learn to attack others by qi. Both yin and yang qi were operating by “Hu,” “Ho,” “Ke” and “Xia” kinds of crane’s shorten songs, it would guide the “Dan-Tain Qi” to the physical exerting strength point. When suffering to the enemies, people have to keep silences to pin down restless with anxiety and coordinate with “Dan-Tain Kung” from internal vigor to external power at the same time for bursting out the ancestor physical strength which are dan(to flip) – dou(to tremble ) – zhan (to trmble) from internal to external in the twinkling of an eye.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Life-and-Death Studies] Disserations and Theses(M. A. Program in Life-and-Death Studies)

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