| 摘要: | 現今人類與地球之間已失去以往緊密的共生關係，轉而仰賴少數人、科技與工業環境來獲得生存所需，這是每個人都應該嚴肅以對的問題。台灣強勢的漢民族中心主義不斷的衝擊著蘭嶼，造成蘭嶼傳統經濟與價值的崩潰、低品質的漢化教育、台灣島內加工出口貿易的勞力需求，驅使達悟新生代投入台灣勞力市場的底層，造成達悟傳統文化傳承的土壤漸漸流失。雖然蘭嶼無法抵擋文明浪潮所帶來的便利生活及相對自然環境的變遷，也無意要重回過去困苦的生活型態，只是該思考如何才能打破現代化建設即是進步象徵的迷思。 本研究以深層生態學的角度來探討分析蘭嶼達悟人的生活世界，透過資料搜集、實地調查、及相關國外案例分析、多次前往蘭嶼做深度訪談與拍照記錄、並透過在當地的友人做相關研究場域持續性的觀察紀錄，前後歷經五年的時間，透過主觀的親身參與體驗，和客觀的訪談及文獻回顧，交叉比對出蘭嶼達悟人的生活樣貌，為蘭嶼達悟人天、地、山、海的生活世界留下紀錄；並試圖將達悟人幾百年來較為形而上的口述文化、經驗傳承加以圖示具象化。並藉由英國Isle of Mull(馬爾島)、St. kilda Archipelago (聖基爾達群島)二座島嶼的發展始末及現狀進行案例分析，以及日本白川鄉合掌造的發展經驗，期望從中汲取相關做法，作為蘭嶼未來發展的借鏡。也為關心蘭嶼的人，提供一些不同的思維角度。 最後本研究整理出達悟人與自然環境和諧共處的深層生態學，及蘭嶼達悟人超越深層生態學的「文化識別」與「價值典範」；以期解決蘭嶼自然景觀、環境日益惡化及達悟人傳統文化漸漸消失的問題，重建達悟祖先與大自然互動所建構出的「道(TAO)生態學」。
Today humankind has lost its former close symbiotic relationship with the planet and instead relies on a minority of people, on science, technology and an industrial environment to obtain the essentials of life. This is an issue which must be faced solemnly by every person. In Taiwan, the powerful metropolitan culture of the Han Chinese has long exerted an impact on the island of Lanyu , bringing about the collapse of its traditional economy and values; low quality Han-assimilative education and the labour demands of the mother island’s processing and export trade have driven the new generation of the Tao (Yami) people to enter Taiwan’s labour market at the lowest levels, causing the gradual erosion of the Tao people’s cultural heritage. Although Lanyu cannot resist the convenience culture and corresponding environmental change brought on the tide of “civilization”, nor does it desire to return to the harsh modes of existence of the past, we should consider how to explode the myth that modernization equals progress. The current research takes a deep ecology approach to research and analysis of the living world of the Tao people of Lanyu. It uses documentary research, fieldwork and analysis of relevant overseas comparators, in-depth interviews and photographic documentation from many trips to Lanyu, and the long-term notes and observations of friends on the island working in related fields. During five years, from subjective personal experience and objective interviewing and literature review, this research has taken an intersecting and comparative approach to show the lives of the Tao people and to record their living world as it relates to Heaven, earth, mountains and the ocean. The aims include representation and concretization of the Tao people’s oral culture and experience. Furthermore, through comparative analysis of the examples of development and present circumstances of Scotland’s islands of Mull and St Kilda and the gasshou-style 合掌造 villages of Shirakawa 白川 in Japan. We hope to derive certain methods for Lanyu to learn from; also, to provide some food for thought for all those who care about Lanyu. Finally, the current research shows the harmonious deep ecological coexistence between the Tao people and their natural environment, and their transcendence of deep ecology’s concepts of “cultural identity” and “value systems”. The hope is to find ways to solve Lanyu’s problems of natural, environmental deterioration and the gradual disappearance of Tao traditional culture, and to rebuild the Tao poeple’s ancestors’ “Taoist” ecology of interaction with Nature. |
