印度崛起之演進研究

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Title:	印度崛起之演進研究
Other Titles:	The study of the rise of india's evolution
Authors:	趙以凡 Chao, Yi-fan
Contributors:	國際暨大陸事務學系亞太研究碩士班孫國祥 Kuo-shiang Sun
Keywords:	境外委外;印度外交政策;印度經濟改革;印度崛起 The rise of India;India's foreign policy;India's economy reform;Offshore outsourcing
Date:	2007
Issue Date:	2015-05-10 12:05:44 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	擁有數千年古文明的印度，在世人眼中總有種神秘而不易理解的刻板印象。隨著全球化的發展以及印度在1991年進行的印度經濟改革（India's economic reform），印度現今的社會狀態和經濟實力早已非昔日沉睡中的大象。經濟改革徹底改變印度獨立後封閉的經濟發展，逐步邁向自由化經濟。外匯存底的增加、經濟成長率的攀升，國內生產總值屢創新高以及經濟實力的積累，促使印度有能力進行國家建設和提高國家在國際間名聲和競爭力。　　　　不同於亞洲四小龍的發展模式。印度選擇以服務業和資訊產業取代出口導向的製造業，以小批量生產需要大量工程技術的高價值產品取代勞力密集的代工業，並且以境外委外（Offshore Outsourcing）策略推動貿易發展。製藥業、汽車零組件業、軟體設計等，這些印度所擁有的優勢，造就了印度的經濟奇蹟。　　　　從冷戰時期印度不結盟政策至此時與強國外交關係的深化、積極的世界各國共同促聯合國改革，並且獲得美、中、日等國的支持成為安理會常任理事國擴增席次的候選人；與歐盟定期舉行雙邊高峰會議以及參與伽利略衛星開發計劃等。印度外交政策（India's Foreign Policy）的改變亦使得印度在國際間能見度和地位逐漸提升中，印度期望在國際社會中扮演更重要的角色。位於南亞大陸的印度，本身即具備極佳的戰略位置，近年來更是積極投入軍事設備現代化。除了原先即擁有的核子武器之外，更向先進工業國家購買新型戰機和武器設備。軍事力量的強化和提升，國際間不得不更重視印度所扮演的角色。　　　　美中不足的是，印度的基礎建設不足、城鄉發展差距較大、眾多貧窮人口和失業人口、環境汙染等，這些潛在的制約和限制因素是否會阻礙印度的發展？　　　　經濟快速發展、外交關係的突破以及軍事實力的提升等角度來看，印度已非昔日位居南亞次大陸的文化古國，而是更有可能爭取與世界強權平起平坐的大國地位。因此本論文探討的重點即印度崛起（The Rise of India）演進之研究。　　India has thousands of years of ancient civilization, perceived by many as mysterious and difficult to understand. With the development of globalization and India’s economic reform in 1991, India’s current social status and economic strength is not like before. Economic reform completely changed the closed economic development after India’s independence, gradually moving towards economic liberalization. The increase in foreign exchange reserves, rising economic growth rate, the gross domestic product repeatedly setting new record highs, and the cumulating of economic strength, all above enable India to carry out national construction and improve the country’s international reputation and competitiveness.　　　　Unlike the east Asian Tigers’ development model, India chooses service and information industries to replace export-oriented manufacturing. India uses small batches to produce the high-value products that need lots of engineering, technology to replace labor-intensive industries, and offshore outsourcing strategies to promote trade development. Advantages such as pharmaceutical and automobile component industries, software design, et cetera, helped create India’s economic miracle.　　　　India had nonalignment policy during the Cold War, but right now India has diplomatic relations with powerful countries, and positively promotes the reform of the United Nations with other countries in the world. India also gets the United States, China, Japan and other countries’ support to become the expansion of seats candidates of permanent members of the Council; India holds regular bilateral summit meeting with the European Union, and participates in the Galileo satellite development plans. The change in India’s foreign policy has made India gradually upgrade its international visibility and status. India expects to play a more important role in the international community. India has an excellent strategic position on the south Asian continent, so in recent years they have modernized military equipment. Because of India’s strengthening and upgrading of military forces, the international community has to pay more attention to India.　　　　The flies in the ointment are: India doesn’t have enough infrastructures, a big gap between city and country’s development, too many poor and unemployed people, and environment pollution, among other issues. Will these potential constraints obstruct India’s development?　　　　Because of its rapidly developing economy, breakthroughs in diplomatic relations and military strength et cetera. India is not like the ancient civilization on the south Asian subcontinent anymore, but more likely to win power on an equal footing with the world’s great powers. So the focus of this paper is on the rise of India study of evolution.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of International and China Studies, The M.A. Program of Asia-Pacific Studies and Public Policy Studies] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Asia-Pacific Studies)

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