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| 題名: | 歐洲聯盟共同漁業政策之發展與變革 |
| 其他題名: | Development and Change of the Common Fisheries Policy of European Union |
| 作者: | 林語崇
Lin, Yu-chung |
| 貢獻者: | 歐洲研究所
鍾志明
Chih-ming Chung |
| 關鍵詞: | 非加太國家;歐洲聯盟;共同漁業政策;漁業養護;歐洲漁業基金
Common Fisheries Policy;European Union;ACP countries;fishery conservation;European Fisheries Fund |
| 日期: | 2008 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-05-10 16:14:10 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 海洋漁業資源提供人類日常所需之營養來源外，更為人類提供就業機會。對沿海國家以及沿海地區而言，漁業發展直接影響該國家或區域之經濟發展。雖然歐盟內部僅約有26萬人從事漁業產業部門，且從業人口逐年減少，但西班牙、希臘與義大利等漁業大國約有60％人口從事漁業工作。由此可見漁業仍是歐盟產業中相當重要之一環。 歐洲聯盟共同漁業政策，原屬於共同農業政策之部分，由於漁業資源實屬自然、不易管控之資源，因此歐盟認為必須在漁業領域上採取共同政策。歐盟6個創始國於1970年制定兩號規則，其目的分別為保護歐盟水域之漁業資源，保障漁業產品之供需穩定，達成漁業永續經營之理念。1976年受到聯合國第三次海洋會議之影響，歐盟會員國自1977年起，紛紛將專屬經濟海域擴大至200海浬，同時授權執委會代表歐盟與第三國談判並簽署漁業合作協議。歷經漫長溝通協調，直至1983年1月制定漁業資源養護政策以及漁業經營制度，達成藍色歐洲之理念，使歐洲有一個具體的法律制度規範歐洲漁業活動。 隨著歐盟會員國的數量增加、科技日新月異、消費者習慣改變與自然環境影響之下，共同漁業政策已不符合時代需求。因此歐盟為了回應會員國之意見以及2004年東擴的因素之下，分別在1992年與2002年對共同漁業政策進行兩次改革，檢討共同漁業政策從1983年執行以來之缺失，並提出改革方向與具體改善措施，維持歐盟水域漁業資源之穩定，促進漁業社區經濟發展與維持漁業產業發展。本文將就共同漁業政策制定之原由、2002年共同漁業政策改革、對內政策與對外政策等面向進行研究。
Marine fisheries resources are offered outside mankind's daily necessary nutrition source, offer the employment opportunity to mankind even more. As to the coastal state and coastal area, fishery development is direct impact on this countries or regions in economic development. Although there are only nearly 260,000 people are engaged in fishery industry in European Union, and obtain employment population reduces year by year, but there are nearly 60% of the population is engaged in fishery industry, in such as major fishing countries as Spain, Greece and Italy, etc.. Therefore fishery is still a very important part in European Union industry. The Common Fisheries Policy of the EU, was belonging to the part of the Common Agricultural Policy, because it is natural fishery resources, difficult to control the resources, so that the EU must take on the Common Fisheries Policy. 6 founding members of the EU in 1970 enacted 2 rules, the purpose was to protect the waters of the EU fisheries resources, protection of fishery products and stability of supply and demand, reached the concept of sustainable fisheries. Received the influence of the Third United Nations Conference of the marine in 1976 impact of the EU Member States since 1977, extended exclusive economic zone to 200 nautical miles, and authorized the Commission on behalf of the EU to negotiate with third countries and sign the Fisheries Agreements. After lengthy communication and coordination, until January 1983 the development of fishery resources conservation policy and fisheries management system, reach the concept of the “Blue Europe”, so that Europe has a specific legal system regulate fishing activities in Europe. Increase with the quantity of the EU member state, scientific and technological advances, changes in consumer habits and impact on the natural environment, the Common Fisheries Policy has not accorded with the era demand yet. So the EU, in order to react under the suggestion of the member state and factor that will expand eastward in 2004, carried on two reforms to the Common Fisheries Policy in 1992 and 2002 separately, examined the disappearance since carried out in 1983 of the Common Fisheries Policy, propose reforming the direction with improving the measure concretely, maintain the stability of the water areas fishery resources of the EU, promote fishing country economic development and maintain the fishing industry development. This study will discuss on the issue on the reason of Common Fisheries Policy developed, 2002 reform, internal policy and foreign policy. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-歐洲研究碩士班
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