本研究以人因工程與通用設計(Universal Design)的觀點，針對日常生活的器具「垃圾桶」作調查與改良設計。垃圾桶為日常生活中的必要產品，而台灣逐漸步入高齡社會，獨居老人的數目亦逐年增加。因此本研究擬藉由探討垃圾桶的使用方式，以減少使用者彎腰丟擲垃圾或清除垃圾時，對身體所造成的傷害，目的在於讓設計能夠達到通用之標準，從兒童至成人、高齡者與行動不便者都能更輕易的去使用。 本研究針對18歲到30歲之年輕受測者35人與65歲以上之高齡受測者30人，以實驗方法進行垃圾桶使用與主觀評價，得到以下結果: 1.以身體評價方面而言，無論軀幹和膝蓋的舒適度，受測者之身高對於實驗是有顯著性的，而實驗結果以將垃圾桶高度提高75㎝、角度方面傾斜30°為最符合人體使用。2.在軀幹測量方面而言，以將垃圾桶高度提高75㎝、角度方面傾斜0°對於人體負擔較小，然而將垃圾桶高度提高75㎝中，傾斜角度在0°與30°之軀幹彎曲皆屬普通階段（Mild），對人體不至於形成傷害。3.新型垃圾桶之角度改良，在角度方面以傾斜30°為最佳，而45°或以上之角度，對於垃圾桶之實用性以及安全性皆會造成影響。 將通用設計概念應用於垃圾桶，減少使用者與垃圾桶互動時所造成之負擔，使得操作更為便利與符合人體使用。經本研究實驗數據成果及主觀評價結果顯示，以高度75㎝和角度30°作為設計基礎，可以提昇垃圾桶的使用效益，並減少對人體的負荷傷害。 This research surveys and reforms the design of the daily appliance “trash can” under the aspects of human factors engineering and universal design. Trash can is an essential product in daily life as Taiwan gradually becomes the aged society and the number of the seniors who live in solitude grows annually. Hence, from the discussion of the use method of the trash can, the research tends to reduce the physical damages from stooping the garbage or cleaning it. Its purpose aims to create the design fitting for universal standard so people ranging from children, adult, senior and the handicapped can apply it at more ease. The research focuses on 35 young testees from the age 18 to 30 and 30 senior testees of the age above 65 and has the following results under experiments trash can usage and subjective assessment: (1)In the aspect of physical assessment, patency of the height of the testee exists in the experiments of comfort of both body and knees. The experimental result shows that the raised 75cm in height with 30 degree of inclination fit the physical application the most. (2)In the aspect of body assessment, the experimental result shows that the raised 75cm in height with 0 degree of inclination creates smaller burden in human body. In the process of 75cm weight rising, the inclination between 0-30 degree falls into the mild stage which will not lead to the extent to cause body damage.(3)In the aspect of the inclination reformation of the new trash can, 30 degree is the best in the aspect of inclination. Both practicability and safety will be influenced with the inclination above (including) 45 degree. Apply the concept of universal design into trash can, reduce the caused burden when the user interact with the trash can and make the operation more convenient and fit to the use of human body. Experiment data & results and subjective assessments of the research indicate that the usage efficiency will be raised as the burden & damage toward human body will be reduced with the design base of the weight in 75cm and 30 degree of inclination.
