經濟發展是一種持續的過程，每個國家在不同的階段所面臨的問題，也都會因其政經背景不同而提出不同的經濟政策來解決當時的經濟問題。經濟政策的實施必須要有明確的對象，再針對特定對象採取適當的政策，但通常這兩項是很難確定的。因此，決策者必須要具備有敏銳的觀察力和勇敢的決斷力，在東亞各國，這決策者就是國家機關。因此，國家機關在經濟發展中所扮演的角色即是本論文所研究的重點，希望藉由本論文的分析，更進一步瞭解國家機關在台灣及馬來西亞二國整個經濟發展及高科技產業發展過程中，扮演了何種角色。 本論文將台灣及馬來西亞的經濟發展及高科技發展歷程，依時期與政策內容各分為幾個不同階段，以利於探討各時期國家機關所扮演的角色及為當時二國各帶來了何種的發展與影響。由本論文的分析可瞭解，台灣和馬來西亞之經濟發展時期大約相差了10年，二國的經濟發展模式極為相似，過程都是由進口替代、出口導向轉而為貿易投資自由化。唯有在經濟發展上，台灣國家機關在經濟的自主性上是漸漸降低，而馬來西亞國家機關由於顧及馬來人的經濟利益，其對經濟的自主產卻逐漸提高。 從二國發展高科技產業的過程來看，其動機與目的都是希望能成為一個科技島。但是在台灣由於資金與人才相對於馬來西亞充足，並且沒有族群及宗教信仰問題，使得國家機關與民間企業在發展高科技產業上的目標相較馬來西亞為一致。此時，國家機關的角色也應由初期的領導者轉為支援者。 在國家干預和市場機制運作適當的結果下，台灣和馬來西亞的經濟發展確實是引人注目，但是在未來面對國內外環境的考驗下，國家機關是否仍扮演以往重要的角色，仍有爭議。 Economic development is a continuous process. All countries usually meet with different problems of economic development at different stages. They will bring forward some Economic Policy with their different political and economic background to solve the economic problems at that time. Putting the economic policy into effect has to be the definite subject and focus to take proper action on certain sectors. Therefore policy-maker must have sharp observation and courageous decision-making. In East Asia the role of policy-maker is the State. This research shows that the role of the State plays is crucial for successful economic development in the East Asia countries. The analysis of this dissertation also provides further understanding of the development process and high technology start-up in Taiwan and Malaysia. This dissertation divides the development process of economic and high technology in Taiwan and Malaysia into several stages by the factors of duration and policy contents. It is helpful to know what role the State plays in every period and what development policy and influences of these two countries individually bring at that time. Through this dissertation's analysis, we could understand that the economic development of Malaysia is far behind Taiwan about ten years. Taiwan and Malaysia are very similar in economic development model. Their development processes are all the same, which is: from import substitute, export guided into trade investment liberalization. Only in economic development, the economic autonomy in Taiwan government decreases, but Malaysia's increases by degrees because of considering Malaysia economic benefit. From the processes of high-technology industry development in the two countries, their motives and objectives are to build up a technological island. But the capital and talent are more abundant in Taiwan than in Malaysia, and there are no issues of races or religions in Taiwan. This makes the objects of the high-technology development in the States and private enterprise in Taiwan more unanimous than Malaysia. Under these circumstances, the role of the State should change from the leader to the supporter. Because the intervention by the government and the market functions well, the economic development in Taiwan and Malaysia is interesting and noticeable extremely. Facing the trial from local and foreign environment in the future, we need to reconsider whether or not the State will still play the same role as before.
