從1978年以來，中國的鄉鎮企業和國營企業一樣都是其經濟改革的環節之一，研究鄉鎮企業又以產權制度為核心問題。鄉鎮企業曾經是中共引以為傲的經濟成就之一，從發跡、成長、再興起到今日的衰落都與產權制度的發展有很大的關係。本文應用的研究方法有文獻回顧法、歷史分析法、田野調查法。並透過比較產權制度與鄉鎮企業發展的分析1978年改革前後的差異。本文所得到的結論為：(1)鄉鎮企業將逐漸被取代或轉型。原因有二，一是企業的規模不斷擴大，將逐步脫離農村地區，另一則是走向股份化有其困難(2)產權制度將走向私有化。研究比較各類型所有制的效率發現：小企業不如大企業、集體制企業不如股份制企業、國有企業不如私有企業。 Since 1978 China's rural industry has been one of the achievements of China's economic reformation, and Property System always as the crucial problem in the research of rural industry. China has been proud with the achievement of rural industry. It can be seen that the growth and decline of rural industry is closely relative to the development of Property System. The methodologies of this thesis included literature review, history analysis and field work research. Compare the differential after the revolution of 1978, my first conclusion is rural industry will be replaced or transformed, because of the enterprise scale will be expanded until separated from rural area and the problem of to be stock ownership. My second conclusion is Property System will be toward privatealism. This study also found that small cooperation is ineffective than enterprise, public ownership enterprise is ineffective than stock ownership enterprise, state enterprise is ineffective than private enterprise.
