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| 題名: | 台灣警察之死亡態度研究 |
| 其他題名: | Death attitudes among Taiwan police |
| 作者: | 廖芳娟
Liao, Fang-chuan |
| 貢獻者: | 生死學研究所
吳慧敏
Wu, Huei-min |
| 關鍵詞: | 警察;死亡態度
police;death attitudes |
| 日期: | 2000 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-05-12 13:36:20 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 本研究的主要目的在瞭解警察對死亡的態度，並探討警察對心理諮商與死亡教育的需求，及生活經驗、死亡態度與心理諮商及死亡教育需求之間的關係，以及死亡態度與心理諮商及死亡教育需求之間的關係，以提供主管單位做為參考。 本研究採分層抽樣法，依照交通、刑事、保安及行政等四個警察工作類型及官階的人數比例抽出1616人為研究對象，以問卷調查法收集資料。使用自編之「警察生活特質與死亡態度問卷」（包含Wong等人（1994）編製的DAP-R死亡態度量表）作為研究工具。 研究結果發現警察的死亡態度是以中性接受與死亡逃避較高，趨近接受態度中等，死亡恐懼較低，逃離接受則最低。整體看來，警察較傾向於中性接受的死亡態度，較能接受死亡的必然性，但亦傾向逃避思考死亡。 警察的死亡態度因其性別、工作性質、婚姻狀況、有無子女、年齡、年資、階級、學歷、身體狀況、宗教信仰等基本背景變項的不同而有顯著差異。此外，正向生活特質（工作成就感、社會支持、挑戰性格）與正向的死亡態度（中性接受、趨近接受）呈現顯著的正相關，與負向的死亡態度（死亡恐懼、逃離接受）則有負相關；負向生活特質（壓力與情緒不穩定、感情與家庭困擾、保守性格）則有相反的相關情況。亦即死亡態度越正向的警察，其生活特質亦是越正向，越能適應壓力、情緒穩定、少有感情及家庭困擾，也越能以積極挑戰的態度面對工作與生活。此外，警察的死亡態度因其接觸死亡經驗的不同而有所差異。綜合來說，有接觸死亡經驗者其中性接受較高、死亡恐懼、趨近接受與逃離接受較低。例外的是，若接觸死亡經驗中是由自己造成他人的死亡，則其中性接受反而較低；另外，有執勤面臨生命危險經驗者的逃離接受顯著高於無此經驗者。 警察有高的心理諮商與死亡教育需求。對於將死亡教育納入警察教育體系或舉辦在職講習，明顯表示贊同意見的人數皆在半數或半數以上，大部分警察皆認同死亡教育實施的必要性。另外，認同警察有心理諮商需求者更高達六成五以上，顯示警察的心理諮商是非常具重要性與必要性的。有高達八成的受試者認為警察需要獨立的專業心理諮商機構，顯示設立專責、專業的警察諮商系統是必須的。 警察的心理諮商與死亡教育需求因階級、性別、工作性質、學歷、宗教信仰等背景變項的不同而有顯著差異。死亡教育需求與挑戰性格、工作成就感、保守性格等生活特質有顯著正相關；心理諮商需求與壓力及情緒不穩定、挑戰性格、危險性、工作成就感、社會支持等生活特質有顯著正相關；感情與家庭困擾變項與心理諮商需求則呈顯著負相關。另外，有同事因值勤或自殺死亡經驗者的死亡教育需求與心理諮商需求皆高，有經歷過重要親人死亡經驗者則是心理諮商需求較高。 警察之心理諮商及死亡教育需求與死亡態度有顯著相關。死亡教育需求變項與死亡恐懼、中性接受、逃離接受及趨近接受之間有顯著的正相關。心理諮商需求變項與死亡逃避、中性接受及趨近接受有顯著的正相關存在。 最後，本研究根據研究結果對死亡教育與心理諮商的實施及未來的研究方向提出幾項建議，以供參考。
The main purpose for this research aims to understand the police’s attitudes toward death, their demand for counseling and death education, the relationship between life experience, attitudes toward death, and the demand for counseling and death education, and the relationship between the attitudes toward death and the demand for psychological counseling and death education, to provide a reference for the administration. The research gathered 1616 samples from different ranks in four significant types of police work: traffic, criminal cases, security and administration, using the self-edited questionnaire, ”Police’s Life Characteristics and Attitudes toward Death (inclusive of DAR-R by Wong, et al.)”, as a tool. The research found that among the attitudes toward death that the police hold, Neutral Acceptance and Death Avoidance are higher, Approach Acceptance is mediocre, Fear of Death is lower, and Escape Acceptance is the lowest. As a whole, police are more likely to have the attitude of Neutral Acceptance toward death, to accept the possibility of death, but also tend to avoid thinking of death. The police’s attitudes toward death vary depending on gender, working characteristics, marital status, having children or not, age, number of years in service, rank, education, physical condition, and religion, etc. There is a positive relationship between positive life characteristics(work accomplishment, social support, challenging attitude) and positive attitudes toward death(Neutral Acceptance, Approach Acceptance), but a negative relationship with negative attitudes toward death( Fear of Death, Death Avoidance). Negative life characteristics(stress and marital status, relationships and family problems, conservatism) have an opposite correlation though. The police with a positive attitude toward death are more likely to possess a positive lifestyle, stable emotions, have minimal emotional and family conflicts, strong will to challenge work and life, and have a greater ability to withstand pressure. Also, police’s attitudes toward death vary with their experience with encountering death. The point is, more police with experience of encountering death treat death with the attitude of Neutral Acceptance than with the attitudes of Fear of Death, Approach Acceptance and Escape Acceptance. With the exception of one in which the encountering of death was that he/she caused the death of another, then he/she will most likely not treat death with Neutral Acceptance. Meanwhile, the police who faced life-threatening experiences during work have higher possibility of treating death with Escape Acceptance than those who have no such experience. There is a high demand for counseling and death education among police. More than 50% of the people support implementing death education into police training and lecture. Most police recognize the significance of death education. Also, the support for psychological counseling reached 65% or above. This proves that psychological counseling is important and necessary. 80% of the people surveyed believe that police need a separate independent institute for counseling. This shows that an independent, professional system for police counseling is a necessity. The police’s demand for psychological counseling and death education varies depending on rank, gender, working characteristics, education and religion, etc. There is a distinct relationship between the demand for death education and life characteristics such as challenging personality, work accomplishment, and conservatism. The demand for psychological counseling has a positive relationship with life characteristics including stress, unstable emotion, challenging personality, risk, work accomplishment, and social support, but a negative relationship between relationships, family conflicts and demand for psychological counseling. In addition, those who went through the death of a colleague who died on duty or committed suicide have a higher demand for death education and psychological counseling. Those who endure the loss of an important relative have a higher need for psychological counseling. The correlation between the demand for psychological counseling and death education and attitudes toward death is apparent. The demand for death education has an obvious positive relationship with attitudes of Fear of Death, Neutral Acceptance, Escape Acceptance and Approach Acceptance. The demand for psychological counseling relates positively with attitudes of Death Avoidance, Neutral Acceptance, and Approach Acceptance. In conclusion, this research offers a reference for the implementation of death education and psychological counseling, and provides a guidance for future researches. |
| 顯示於類別: | [生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班)] 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班
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