| 摘要: | 本研究旨在於瞭解殯葬服務人員對死亡的態度、生死教育接受度與生死學課程內容需求之概況，進而探討其相關影響因素，並藉由研究結果提出具體建議，期能作為生死學教育推廣，或將來殯葬教育規劃之參考。在研究進行方面乃以台灣省從事殯葬相關服務的工作人員為母群體，採立意取樣方式抽取360人作為研究對象，實施問卷調查收集資料。並以因素分析、次數分布、百分比、平均數、標準差、積差相關、ｔ檢定及單因子變異數分析等統計方法，進行資料分析。茲將研究結果摘要如下：。 一、 就整體而言，殯葬人員對死亡的態度，以中性接受態度為最高，而死亡恐懼傾向最低。其死亡態度，會因教育程度、婚姻狀況、居住地區、宗教信仰、工作環境滿意度、接觸臨終經驗、深刻死亡事件、小時後談論死亡的情形、長輩態度、參加研習訓練、以及是否選修生死學課程之不同而有顯著差異。 二、 殯葬人員對生死教育的接受度頗高，肯定生死教育的重要性。其對生死教育接受度會因教育程度、婚姻狀況、居住地區、個人宗教信仰、工作職務、工作環境滿意度、以及參加研習訓練經歷的不同而有顯著差異。 三、 殯葬人員對生死學課程內容需求度頗高，其需要性以六大類課程內容來分，由高而低排序分別為：殯葬服務、醫學層面探討、臨終關懷、死亡社會層面探討、心理層面探討、 死亡內涵 。若以各題單題平均得分來看，認為很需要的前五名排序分別為：殯葬工作之身體保健及職業病預防、特殊疾病及一般遺體處理方式、常見疾病的傳染與防治、殯葬服務諮詢及指導、臨終的照顧及關懷技巧等。其對生死學課程之需求會因年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況、居住地區、地點、健康狀況、宗教信仰情形、工作職務、工作環境滿意度以及研習訓練經歷的不同而有顯著差異。 四、 研究發現殯葬人員之死亡態度與生死教育接受度、生死學課程需求之間，有顯著的相關。在「中性接受」層面之死亡態度與生死教育接受度、生死學課程需求之間呈顯著的正相關，且生死教育接受度與生死學課程需求之間也呈顯著正相關。此顯示殯葬人員對死亡的態度越傾向正向接受的態度者，對生死教育的接受度愈高，且愈支持生死教育者愈希望能獲得有關生死學相關的訊息與資源，對生死學課程需求也愈高。根據以上結果，提出建議，以做為生死學教育推廣或規劃之參考。
The purpose of this paper is to study the general view of the funeral directors’ attitude towards death, and their acceptance of life and death education and the curriculum needs of thanatology, and to further investigate their correlation factors. Thereby concrete suggestions may be proposed, to which the dissemination of life and death education or the funeral education plan in the future may refer. While in the process of investigation, funeral-related people in Taiwan are considered as the population, out of which 360 people are taken as samples by purpose sampling and data were collected by questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed by statistics such as factor analysis, frequency distribution, percentile rank, mean, standard deviation, Pearson product moment correlation, t-test, and one way ANOVA, etc. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Generally speaking, neutral acceptance ranks the highest among funeral directors’ attitudes toward death, while the fear of death has the lowest tendency. Depending on the educational levels, marital statuses, living areas, religious beliefs, satisfaction with the working environment, experience with the dying, unforgettable death event related to death situation in childhood, the attitude of the senior, the training related to thanatology, and their taking thanatology, their attitudes towards death differ significantly. 2. The funeral directors highly accept life and death education, affirming the importance of life and death education. Depending on the educational levels, marital statuses, living areas, religious beliefs, occupations, satisfaction with the working environment, and training experience related to thanatology, the funeral directors’acceptance of life and death education differs significantly. 3. The funeral directors have a rather high demand for the contents of thanatology, of which six kinds of curricula are listed in order of need: funeral services, study from medical prospect, hospice care, study on sociology of death, study from mental prospect, and essence of death. Judging from the individual response scores, the most needed five curricula in order are: the health care of funeral work and the prevention of occupational disease, special diseases and general handling of dead bodies, the infection and prevention of common diseases, funeral consulting service and guidance, and dying care and caring skill. Depending on the ages, educational levels, marital statuses, living areas, locations, health conditions, religious beliefs, occupations and positions, satisfaction with the working environment, and training experience related to thanatology, their demands for thanatology differ significantly. 4. The study shows that there is a significant correlation between funeral directors’ attitude towards death, the acceptance of life and death, and the demand for thanatology. It shows positive correlation between the neutral acceptance respect of attitude towards death, the acceptance of life and death education, and the demands for thanatology; moreover, it shows positive correlation between the acceptance of life and death education and the demand for thanatology. This shows that the more the funeral directors’ acceptance attitude towards death tends to be positive, the more they can accept life and death education. And the more they support life and death education, the more they hope they can acquire thanatology-related information resources, and their demands for thanatology are correspondingly higher. Based upon the conclusions obtained above, I propose that they be references as the dissemination and planning of thanatology education. |
