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| 題名: | 花蓮縣秀林鄉原住民的自殺現象與社會亂象初探－從洪強森的自殺事件談起 |
| 作者: | 朱慶忠
Chu, Ching-Chung |
| 貢獻者: | 生死學研究所
王傳燾 |
| 關鍵詞: | 秀林鄉;原住民;泰雅族;自殺;沙文主義;格式塔心理學
Aboriginal;Ataiyal;Suicide;chauvinism;Gestalt psychology |
| 日期: | 2000 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-05-13 10:56:32 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 本研究的主要目的是－從洪強森的自殺事件來探討花蓮縣秀林鄉原住民的自殺現象與社會亂象，藉此讓社會各界瞭解長期處於弱勢地位的山地社會所面臨的困境。論文中所提之自殺案主－洪強森，係花蓮縣秀林鄉之原住民，於民國89年3月19日（即總統大選投開票第二日）因無法接受所支持之候選人未能當選，竟然酗酒後服用農藥自殺而引發社會各界之議論，並促使研究者以此為研究主題。 本研究是以花蓮縣秀林鄉山地原住民為對象，除了深度訪談洪強森及部份曾發生自殺之家屬、親友及地方人士外，另發出總計 500份的問卷調查，並透過多位村幹事、保育員的協助訪問、調查，再將問卷調查的資料及相關單位之統計報表數據加以彙整而成。本研究的主要發現如下： 一、花蓮縣秀林鄉地理位置皆於山區（偏遠地區），其基礎民生建設遠較都會區落後許多，其先天之經濟環境惡劣，而原住民的教育水平低落，外出謀生能力又差，多數居民係以務農兼打零工為生，使一般家庭收入普遍偏低。長期以來原住民在台灣的地位不論是經濟、政治與社會上一直處於弱勢，各種條件的惡性循環、互為因果，使得多數原住民的生活均極為困苦。 二、原住民的社會裡青壯年人口普遍皆於外地工作，留在家鄉的大部份是老弱婦孺，老少隔代相處、相依為命的畫面到處可見。另一方面，原住民社會離婚率日益增加，離婚後再婚之現象極為普遍，這兩種情況對於成長中之子女，其未來之心理及人格特質是否有不正常的影響，值得我們密切關心與觀察。 三、原住民的教育水平普遍偏低，在台灣社會以漢文化為主的主流社會中，受限於本身弱勢的族群文化，益顯難於融入漢族社會，而產生適應與競爭問題。過去政府雖然有些保障原住民入學之優惠措施，但是台灣光復迄今已五十餘年，除了國民義務教育尚可順利推展外，高中以上之入學成效卻一直不彰，原住民能獲得高等教育（大學以上）人口比率更微乎其微（詳如P.77,78），其人力素質的無法提升，是造成原住民社會地位一直低落的最大主因。 四、外來宗教信仰非常興盛，到處可見基督長老教會、天主教、真耶穌會等氣派宏偉之教堂和富麗堂皇的佛、道教寺廟。這些建築物矗立在偏遠（僻）的鄉村各腳落，顯得相當醒目（詳如附圖5-9,5-10,5-11,5-12 P.145,146）。宗教活動在過去的原住民社會曾佔有很重要的地位，是原住民的生活中心與精神支柱；可惜近年來青壯年人口的大量流入平地都會區謀生，語言的隔閡使他們無法融入平地教會，精神與生活中心頓失依靠，是造成原住民社會亂象之因素之一。 五、鄉裡每個村落的檳榔攤與卡拉OK店、特種營業之飲食店到處林立（詳如附圖5-2,5-5,5-6 P.69,143），雖然其經濟收入所得遠低於平地漢人，但是原住民卻願意花錢消費，顯示原住民地區奇特之現象。這些都會區負面的特殊行業，逐漸污染了原本淳樸、落後的山地鄉村落，甚至是吸食毒品的不良習性居然也蔓延至原住民的部落，這種現象令人擔憂不已！ 六、原住民的酗酒風氣非常盛行，不論任何時間、地點，經常可以見到三、五人群聚集飲酒作樂，有些甚至於一大清早即已酒醉而東倒西歪地躺在地上。酗酒問題造成行為上的偏差與健康方面的影響－據了解台灣東部地區之原住民患有「肝硬化」與「痛風」疾病的人口比率較一般平地籍人士高出很多，這應該是飲食習慣與酗酒風氣所造成的影響。 台灣光復迄今五十餘年來，原住民社會已有相當程度納入台灣社會體系之中，然而，由於山地的自然條件較差，以及原住民個體因素的影響，再加上生存以漢人為主的社會中，致使原住民面臨了漢人強勢政治、經濟與文化的衝擊，因而產生了許多的困境與極待解決的問題。註1過去的政府長期推展山地社會平地化政策的結果，在經濟方面固然極具成效，但是相對地原住民的傳統文化方面卻遭受無情地摧殘而流失殆盡。原住民教育水平的無法提升，加以文化差異、價值觀調適不良等問題，以致於使原住民族成為社會的邊緣角色，甚而被主流社會所忽略、遺忘。洪強森及其他原住民自殺的案件，正是社會與個人相互對應的產物，本研究試圖由全面到特例來檢視原住民的自殺問題與社會問題，希望藉此探討原住民面臨的種種困境，透過進一步的討論與經驗分享，提出具體的建議，期望對山地社會未來的發展有所助益。 註1：張綠薇 （民88）台灣原住民的困境與教育。台灣原住民教育 洪泉湖、吳學燕主編（民族主義論文系列之六）師大書苑有限公司 15頁。
Chung-sun Hon, an male aboriginal of Ataiyal tribe living at the Show-ling Town of Hua-lien County committed suicide the next day after the Presidential Election in March 2000. He ended his life for being disappointed by the result of the Election; said the newspapers. Coming from the same hometown and same tribe, the author would like to explore and analyze his death, and therefore reveal the present disordered phenomena and struggles of the aboriginals who have been in the long -term the minority and neglected group of our society. Basically, the objects of the essay are the aboriginals of the Show-ling Town of Hua-lien County. Through extensive interviews with Mr. Hon's families, friends and relatives, we come to know his life and the causes of his death. His life-and-death is not only a single personal accident but also represents the struggles generally existing in the aboriginal society. Five hundreds copies of life-and -death questionnaires were issued to the aboriginals, with the help of the local administrators. According to the analysis and results of the questionnaires and statistics of the local official residents' life-and-death reports, the author finally has the following findings: 1. Show-ling Town locates at the east part of Taiwan, isolated by the Central Mountains. Due to the geographic isolations, far away from the developed western parts, its public constructions are much lower than other areas. Most of the residents are the Ataiyal aboriginals farmingon the barren hill land. The lives have been tough here. Low development and low incomes make the aboriginals a weaker group in our society in the economic, political and social level. 2. For the economic reason, the productive generation of the aboriginals migrate to the metropolises. They usually leave their children living with the senior people at the hometown. That means the children are raised and taken care by the grandparents. Without the guidance and the urges from parents, the children may not grow up normally. There should be profound influences on the young generation in the aspects of academic and character developments. Meanwhile, the fast increase of the divorce rate and remarrying are another potential variables to the aboriginal families. 3. Due to the limit of few population, low education degrees and income, the aboriginals would never be the main stream of our society. They surely have problems in adapting themselves to the main stream, the Han culture which are totally different from theirs. Sadly, our government and the society have been neglecting this part for quite a long time. How to enhance their social status and improve their lives? Education should be the only solution. Though there are several academic promotions specifically designed for the aboriginals, unfortunally the results are not satisfactory. Only few numbers of aboriginals graduates with the philosophy degrees since the Restoration. Generally speaking, the aboriginal people do not pay much attention on the academic education on the young generations based on the cultural and economical reasons. If the essential of the manpower can not improved, the aboriginals would be always existing at the lower level of our society. 4.Religious activities have been playing an important role in the aboriginals' spiritual lives. The gorgeous Christian and Catholic churches, even the grand Buddhist and Dow's temples are commonly seen among the shabby residents houses. However the religious fever is fading due to the migration of the population. 5. Just like the other cities in Taiwan, in the villages of Show-ling Town are full of pin-lain stands, Koraok shops and sexual restaurants. It is hard to say it is a kind of civilized development or pollution? A lot of residents spend their leisure time and their few incomes on those occasions. Moreover, the drug abuses has invaded into the originally simple and rural villages. 6. Excessive drinking has been a serious problem during the aboriginal society. Drinking is a significant characteristic among the aboriginals. People drink a lot at any time and any occasion. Sometimes people would starting drinking in the morning and get drunk lying on the ground. Alcoholic problem not only affects on their behaviors and also causes the aboriginal residents easier to be troubled with cirrhosis and gout diseases; comparing with the ＂plain people＂. It's been over fifty years since the Restoration. Still, the aboriginals are not totally involved and accepted by our society. The reasons may be sophisticated: totally different languages, culture background, minor population and isolated living environments--they use to live among the mountains and so called 'mountain tribes'. Though we have some promotional and protective laws settled for the minor tribes in our society, aboriginals' do not benefit totally from the laws. Mr. Hon's suicide may regarded as case of disordered adoption. The theme of the essay is to explore and present the struggles of the aboriginals who need the help and attention form our government and society. The author sincerely wish that the suggestions of the essay can be helpful references for the government when making public regulations for the aboriginal people. |
| 顯示於類別: | [生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班)] 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班
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