我國公立高級中等學校工業教育政策之研究

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Title:	我國公立高級中等學校工業教育政策之研究
Other Titles:	A study of educational policy on public industrial high school
Authors:	楊長鉿 Yang, Charng-He
Contributors:	公共行政與政策研究所許仟 Chian Sheu
Keywords:	工業教育;全方位獨立人格;綜合高中;教師終身進修 Industrial Education;Well-rounded individual;Comprehensive High School;Teacher lifelong professional development
Date:	2002
Issue Date:	2015-05-18 10:24:54 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	工業職業學校發展誠為影響國家經濟建設計畫之人力需求的一項重要因素。世界上高度工業化的國家，都根據社會產業需要，頒佈教育法令，建立職業教育制度訂定計劃，積極培養技術人才以促進國家的長期繁榮。在此同時，全球化的效應已然改變原有的臺灣經濟秩序，如何再見臺灣的經濟起飛，教育部如何致力於中等學校工業教育課程之規劃設置以及師資的培育，將受到嚴厲的考驗，從技職教育體制到課程的變革，能否應付高科技的衝擊；產業代工所需求的研發人才如何透過教育培養；傳統的工業教育課程模式能不能有彈性的機制作適度的修正，諸多的現實問題呈現出工業教育政策改革的迫切性。在1990年著有《2000年大趨勢》的奈斯比（Naisbitt）就曾說：「下一個世紀是一個更形高度競爭的世紀，主導致勝的契機是誰在教育上的投資多，誰就能多擁有一份主宰世界的力量。」本論文的研究，主要以教育哲學之思考模式作為基礎之架構下進行質性研究，採以歷史敘述法與文獻資料分析法以及訪談法交互運用進行。教育行政主管在思考推動中等職業學校之教育政策時，教育哲學可作為現行政策的參考與依據，亦即我國推動中等職業學校之教育政策所依據且不變的最高原則豈是朝令夕改？本文論述主軸以歷史敘述法用來分析我國公立中等職業學校推動工業教育之發展過程中，配合政經之需求在工業類科之增設調整所扮演重要角色，而進入WTO國際舞台之後，臺灣的中等職業學校工業類科之師資培育、課程調整如何因應？由於政經背景的不同，全面實施綜合中學是否可以作為政策性的要求現有國立高級工業職業學校全面改制？本文之主要研究發現略述如下：（一）為迎合教育變遷改革之實際，應以一貫性長期技職教育的觀點來規劃調整工業教育系統，提升工業教育為國家永續經營的公共政策，讓教師的教學工作與學生的學習過程均能有雙贏的結果。（二）工業基礎技術人才的培育過程，尤須重新檢討各種工業人才所必需接受的必要之教育訓練，且進一步思考各種教育訓練的最佳時機與所需時間的長短。故應持續辦理教師（含大學教師）赴公民營企業界研習，加強實務經驗，對課程內容與教學成效具有實質意義，也是「產學合作」方式之一。（三）如將現有之高級工業職業學校轉型為綜合高中，最好的實施方式可以學習國立北門高級農工職業學校之辦理模式，切勿將原有的工業類科全部廢止，而改為綜合高中。（四）幾所國立高級工業職業學校所培育之技術人才在我國經濟結構轉型期間，有非常具體之貢獻成就，學校校長能依據工業職業教育目標大力推展類科或是學校轉型之政策調整。（五）工業教育主要為國家經建培育初、中、高級之技術人力，其目標與功能均須配合產業需求而做適當的調整，具有「巿場導向」的特質，教育主管決策者執行教育決策時，除了暫時性之功能考量，應廢除對工業教育看待為次等教育的心態。（六）臺灣的產業界已逐步轉型為技術密集，未來產業界所需要的人才應是具備靈活而彈性應變能力及解決問題之能力者，而非熟練一些很快就會被汱換或被機器取代的專業技能，因此工業教育將朝向彈性化、自動化及精緻化等目標以因應。（七）通識教育課程可以促進受教於工業教育之學生作全方位的發展，亦即在「全方位獨立人格」的培育更能臻於成熟的受到肯定，故實施「一貫課程」有助於學生在完成實驗研究過程中之創造發明的能力。（八）就中等學校所在地不同，對招生而言，學生素質之高低亦會受到影響。文中所介紹之現有工業學校之經營，從創校至今以至將來可能轉型為綜合高中續辦工業教育之職業學程，會因城鄉差距直接衝擊學生的就讀意願。（九）教師終身進修（ teacher lifelong professional development）的概念已經來臨，確立教師終身進修制度有其必要，加強教師終身學習理念，培養教師終身學習素養，建立教師終身學習制度，也是教育部的重要教育政策。（十）政府考慮逐年將技職教育縮編之時，宜應擬定相關之配套措施，從國家教育宗旨的主軸角度出發，以既有之公辦教育經驗中的制度規範下，保障每個學生的受教權與日後的工作權，在此原則之下，教育行政主管理應發揮「教育哲學」之最高價值與目標，而建立一套適合當代經建結構下之工業教育政策。 The Senior Vocational Industry Schools have been developing to the most important factor which influence the human resource demand of the country economic construct. The countries that with the high industrialization sometimes depend on the society needs to proclaim the educational laws and build the occupational education system plan to postively cultivate all kinds of technical specialist or talent, so that can promote the country's long-term prosperous. At the same time, the global effect changed the original economic order of Taiwan. How the Taiwan economic can ＂take off＂ again? How the Ministry of Education is devoted to the industrial education class scheme and the teacher's culture of the Secondary Schools? These kind of problems will be severely tested in the future. If the occupational education system and classes reformation can meet the attack of the high science and technology? How the researcher of the industry OEM can be cultivated through the education? If the traditional industry education mode can be properly revised by the flexible system?…Too many actual problems demonstrate the urgency of the industrial education innovation. Naisbitt, who published <<Megatrends of 2000>> in 1990 said: The next century will be the high competitive one. The people who invest more in the education will own one more power to govern the world. This essay is primarly researched under the thinking of the educational philosophy and proceeded by adapting the historical descripitions, documents alalyses and interviews. When the educational administration chiefs are considering to promote the educational policies of the Senior Vocational Industry Schools, the educational philosophy could be the consultation or basis, or can say, the consultation and basis of Taiwan industrial education are not changable. The essay is expounded by the historical description way to analyze the role that when the Public Vocational Industry Schools promote the industrial education, it can meet the politic and economic needs, the teacher's cultivation, and the modulation of the classes after entering WTO. Cause of the different political and economical backgrounds of the schools, I am thinking that if completely carrying out the Comprehensive Secondary Schools can politically ask the actual Public Senior Vocational Industry Schools to change the system? The primary research of this essay please refer to the following descriptions: (1) According to the reality of the education innovation, the industrial education system should be planned by the viewpoint of connective and long-term professional education to raise the public policy of the country's permanent adminstration, and then, let the teaching and studying could have a Win-Win situation. (2) During the procedure of cultivating the industrial technicians, we need to review all the training classes, which meet all kinds of the industrial needs. What's more, consider about the suitable time and duration. So that, the teachers (include the university professors) to study in the public or private industries and increase the real experiences would be very significant for the class contents and teaching efficiency. It's one of the <<The cooperation of the industries & schools產學合作>> way. (3) If change the actual Senior Vocational Industry Schools mode to the Comprehensive Secondary Schools, the National Pei-Men Senior Vocational School of Agriculture & Industrial is the best example for imitating; not to cancel all the originals, but change the system to become a Comprehensive Secondary School. (4) The technicians from some of the National Senior Vocational Industry Schools had the specific contribution during the system mode-changing period of the Taiwan economic construction. (5) The industrial education is primary cultivate the technicians while they are at the start, intermediate, and high stages. It's goal and function should do the proper modulations to operate the industries and equips with the <<Marketing Directions>>(市場導向) quality. In this way, while the educational decision makers or chiefs are executing the education policy, they not only have to consider about the temporary functions, but also stop to treat the industrial education as the inferior one. (6) The industries in Taiwan are becoming to be the high concentrated know-how type. The people that the industries require in the future is someone who is with the good flexibility to resolve the problems, not who is practiced with the professional skills could be easily eliminated by the machines. Thus, the industrial education will stride forward the goals of flexible, automatic, and exquisite…etc. (7) The通試教育classes could improve the industrial education students to develop in all kinds of the industrial territories, or we can say the cultivation of ＂Full & Independent Personality Development＂ (全人發展) would be more approved. Thus and so, the <<Consistent Classes一貫課程>> could be helpful on the students' creativity. (8) Whereas the Secondary Schools are located at the different positions, the students' qualities will be influenced through the recruit. The senior vocational industrial schools that I have mentioned in this essay could change the mode to be the comprehensive secondary schools. On the contrary, the differences between the city and countryside will directly attack the student's desire to study in the vocational industry schools. (9) The ＂teacher lifelong professional development idea is coming! To make sure its necessity, enhance the idea, improve the quality, and build the system are also the important policy of the Ministry of Education. (10) While the government is considering decreasing the budget of the vocational education, the concerned operation policies should be built, too. The policies should be built follow the national education purpose and its system standards to protect the students' studying right & working right in the future. Under these principles, the administrators of education should develop the best value & goal of the <<Educational Philosophy教育哲學>> and build unit of vocational industry education to fit the actual economic structure.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of International and China Studies, The M.A. Program of Asia-Pacific Studies and Public Policy Studies] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Public Policy Studies)

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