西班牙一直居歐盟國家失業率之冠，其高失業問題亦是執政政府之燙手山芋。近年西國政府有感於失業保險制度所產生的弊病，例如失業者長期依賴失業給付不願意外出謀職，加上缺乏一技之長，重返職場困難重重等。因此，西國失業保險制度便與就業訓練緊密結合，謹慎規範合理的失業給付領取標準，對於社會福利剛起步不久的台灣，可提供寶貴的經驗以資參考。 本文欲探討的重點如下： 1.西班牙是歐盟失業率最高的國家，其失業原因與失業保險制度為 何，兩者間的互動會產生何種變化？ 2.失業保險制度在西班牙施行成效為何，有何缺點，遇到哪些阻力，國家的政治、經濟、社會在不同時期，會對失業與失業保險制度有何影響。 3.在一九八六年加入歐盟後，對於歐盟提出相關的政策，西班牙如何因應。 4.評估西班牙失業保險制度運作成效與未來發展，期望提供政府部分研究之拙見，以資參考。 本文的研究方法，主要是以歷史研究法（historical method）與文獻分析法來探討西班牙失業問題以及失業保險制度形成的背景、發展過程及其現行體制內容。透過歷史研究法分析失業保險制度的歷史沿革，能掌握其特色、內容與執行的目標；同時，透過文獻分析法可以歸納出有哪些因素會影響失業與失業保險制度的實行。此外，文中並提及歐盟在失業保險制度範疇上的規定，且進一步探討西班牙如何來因應歐盟的各項規範。最後筆者將試著討論失業保險制度的挑戰及其未來的發展。在資料的蒐集上，因時間與空間的差距，僅能從有限的文獻資料作分析，目前關於歐盟或西班牙失業保險相關的專書在國內幾乎沒有，大部分多探討歐洲共同體經濟及政治層面的問題。不過，慶幸的是目前網路資訊發達，可以藉此獲得歐盟官方的部分資料，雖不甚完整，但也對本文有莫大的助益。此外筆者從網路書局訂購四本最新探討西班牙失業與失業保險制度的英文及西班牙文專書，便於筆者於寫作時能掌握最新資料。 Spain entered the European Community in 1986 with one of the highest levels of unemployment among all the member states. The government of Spain though ever parties that can resolve this problem. But the question is whatever functions can’t let it slow down very quickly. For this reason, the government established a Social Security System to help the unemployed persons could get a basic level of live. The thesis wants to research the relationship between unemployment and the Unemployment Insurance System. Besides, the European Union has more and more closer with Spain especially under the operation of the EMU. The thesis exerts the historical research methods and documental analysis, induction and comparison as the major research approaches. The unemployment and Unemployment Insurance System of Spin is a core, introduction individually the major problems of unemployment and present the context of Unemployment Insurance System. In general, the major unemployment problems as follow: 1. the labor market was become rigid, 2.the long-term unemployment(especially women and youth people). On the collections of data, there is almost no have Chinese books that were related to the unemployment or Unemployment Insurance System in Spain. So the resources of the thesis are based on publications and papers, thesis from foreign and internal university. On the other hand, due to the rapid change of society of Spain, I place an order for related books from Internet. Finally, I want provide some experience of Spain to our government to make the social welfare system more perfect. As follow: 1. to make the unemployment insurance system independent of Social Security. 2. the qualification of unemployed payment should standard more reasonable. 3. the unemployment insurance should combine tight with employment policy. 4. the government has to establish a complete information network.
