法國大革命的社會氛圍促使公眾博物館轉化，博物館遂藉由平民步入昔日宮殿─舊政制的儀式，象徵權力移轉。博物館提供市民權的內涵，而毋須對實質權力復行指派，厥為傳載工具，將物質財富和社會地位轉兌精神象徵。十九世紀，工業化熾盛，社會陷入騷動，權力依此漸歸地方，用以維護社會秩序，而日漸擴大的市民權也加重了地方當局的影響。社區博物館際此多元文化的衝擊下，更顯其地位的可貴，其亦扮演住民教育服務的角色。二十世紀，當代博物館衍化數種樣貌，網路的崛起，改變了參訪的定義。續以大眾文化興起，博物館也因之嘗探實作與戲劇的展演方式，而行銷亦是今日博物館觀注的焦點與生存之道，也是博物館結構變化的主因之一。文末探討歐洲共同遺產與歐盟文化政策的關係，據此論證博物館是形塑歐洲精神與歐洲市民權過程中的重要元素。 The social milieu of French Revolution promoted the tran-sition of public museum. Museum, therefore, symbolised the transfer of rights with the ritual of plebeian entering the past palace─ancien régime. Museum provided the content of citi-zenship, it didn’t have to re-designate the substantial rights, and it was an agent, transformed material welfare and social status into spiritual symbol. In 19th century, it was prosperous in industrialisation, and the society was in a turmoil that leaded rights to community in order to preserve public order. Moreover, the ever-enlarged citizenship enhanced the influence of local authority. In the impact of multi-cultural, local mu-seum seemed more significant; it played the role of inhabitant’s educational service as well. Contemporary Museum produces variable figure; the emergence of Internet changes the defini-tion of visit. Popular Culture arises, hence museum has tried to adopt hands-on and dramatic mode. Marketing is the focus of present museum and subsistence; it is also a primary cause that makes the structure of museum change. In Conclusion it is discussed about the relationship between European Common Heritage and European Cultural Policy, and it demonstrates that museum is the major element during the process shaping European Spirit and European Citizenship.
