本研究目的欲瞭解台灣都市喪偶老人面對配偶過世後，在初期哀傷時間內，其與成年子女之代間功能交換的價值偏好及互動機制。本論文以交換理論為研究架構、以詮釋取向的符號互動觀點為研究方法，並加以關注台灣特有的孝道規範文化，訪談五位居住於城市的喪偶老人，經過整理後，研究發現如下： 在理論應用方面，以微觀個人層面探討代間功能交換得失，則交換理論對於台灣社會之代間關係的適切性仍有待商榷。研究發現，強調個人利得的交換理論於台灣社會的代間關係詮釋上，與儒家孝道文化產生矛盾，顯示台灣喪偶老人依舊具有濃厚的孝道規範意識，學者所言之儒家孝道文化涵具的社會交換動機與目的的預設前提有其解釋的侷限性。 在喪偶老人的代間交換關係方面，情感依附的需求普遍為老人之共同偏好，顯示喪偶事件造成之心理層面的衝擊不可忽視，代間情感支持是喪偶老人獲得良好調適的重要因素之一。至於喪偶老人之代間交換的偏好與滿意度則受老年喪偶者個人實際成長背景與主觀價值脈絡所影響，且代間互動具有動態調整的平衡機制。 最後，研究者針對本土鰥寡老者的代間關係提出本論文的反省，並對未來的投入者及相關族群給予建議。 The objective of this study is to understand the preference and interactive mechanism of intergenerational function exchange between Taiwanese urban widowed elders and their adult children during the initial bereavement period. This paper uses the exchange theory as the research structure, along with the perspective of interpretation-oriented symbolic interaction as the research method. Additionally, five widowed elders who live in cities have been interviewed from the perspective of filial responsibility, a particular Taiwanese norm culture. After organizing the information, the study explains the following discoveries: In the aspect of theory application, the felicitousness of the exchange theory to the intergenerational relationship in Taiwanese society is still in an arguable situation. The study shows that regarding the elucidation to the intergenerational relationship in Taiwanese society, the exchange theory, which emphasizes individual interests, conflicts with the filial responsibility of Confucianism. This indicates that Taiwanese widowed elders still have strong consciousness of the norm of filial responsibility, and that the scholarly presupposition of social exchange motivation and objective within the Confucian filial piety is limited in its interpretation. In the aspect of intergenerational exchange relationship of widowed elders, a need for emotional codependency is a common preference for most elders in this study. This shows that the conflict to the psychological aspect caused by bereavement cannot be ignored and that intergenerational emotional support is one of the important factors of obtaining fine adjustment for widowed elders. The preference and satisfaction of intergenerational exchange for widowed elders depends on the actual developing environment of an individual widowed elder and also on his or her subjective values. The intergenerational interaction has an adjustable dynamic equilibrium mechanism. Finally, the researcher proposes a reflection to this paper focusing on the intergenerational relationship of the widowed elders in our country and gives suggestions for other researchers and relevant groups in the future.
