| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討父母親面對子女的死亡，其悲傷調適歷程的內涵以及在調適歷程中所出現的悲傷反應和調適策略，同時瞭解喪子（女）父母對生命意義的體驗與領悟，並蒐集喪子（女）父母對於悲傷支持性團體的看法及需求。本研究採用質的研究方法，以半結構深度訪談進行，共訪談六位喪子（女）父母，所獲得的結論如下： 一、悲傷的調適歷程：悲傷是以流轉、變化的型態不斷進行，也不斷消弱。悲傷調適歷程並沒有相同的步驟和次序；正向的人格特質有助於悲傷的調適。 二、悲傷反應：悲傷反應並非單獨存在、相繼出現的，而是在每個反應中都有互相牽扯的關係，因此悲傷反應特徵的歸屬模糊而難以區分。在孩子生病至死亡前父母的悲傷反應較多樣化；而常見的悲傷情緒，如：傷心、難過是從出殯後開始，孩子死亡後至出殯前的情緒反應種類較少。以相信孩子在好的地方為最一致的反應，唯有孩子在另一個世界過的好才可以撫慰喪子（女）父母不安的情緒。 三、調適策略：不管在孩子患病期間或死亡後，喪子（女）父母會在悲傷過程中自行做出調適，包括個人內在因素以及外在支持系統的運用。內在因素包括自我覺察、接受事實、宗教信仰、主動關懷他人等。外在支持系統包括父母親、配偶、朋友、宗教人士及成長團體等的協助。採取逃避或壓抑的方式處理自己的悲傷情緒，會產生更多負面效應，面臨更深的傷害與創傷的危險。 四、生命意義的呈現：面對孩子死亡的重大衝擊，喪子（女）父母的人生觀、生活態度、生活目標、死亡觀等各方面都有明顯的改變。在感受到生命無常以及人的有限性後，不但對於物質的追求轉淡，在生活態度上也因而較放鬆，不再汲汲於名利的追求，而將重點回歸當下。至於在「生活目標」上反而更清楚了自己所欲追尋的目標。對於死亡也採取正面的看法，並且能夠勇於去談論。同時透過對生命殞落的反思，重新再找回屬於自己生命的力量。 五、對悲傷支持性團體的看法： 喪子（女）父母很肯定悲傷支持性團體的功能，且表示樂意參與這樣的團體。本研究根據研究結果提出具體建議，以提供學者專家及實務工作者做為諮商輔導的參考，同時協助悲傷中的喪子（女）父母正視死亡經驗對其可能形成的破壞與價值，以期當事者能夠順利完成自我的悲傷調適歷程。
The study is proposed to probe, when parents face the lost of their children, what is the connotation of their process in grief-adjustment, company with the grief reaction and adaptive strategy in their recovery; meanwhile, comprehending bereaved parents’ experience and realization for the meaning of life. The study includes the opinions and requirement from the bereaved parents as to the bereavement support group. The study employs the qualitative research method, undertaken by semi-structure in-depth interview. After interviewing six bereaved parents, the main findings are as following: A. Process in Adjusting BereavementIn the modality of alternation, grief keeps undertaking along with weakening. There are always different procedures and orders of the course in grief-adjustment. Optimistic tendency is a great helper to grief-adjustment. B. Grief ReactionGrief reaction does not exist along, either does they come one after another, instead, there are implicative relations between each single reaction; thus, the classification of grief reaction is fragile and undistinguishing. The multiplicity of grief reaction is mostly happened between children’s illness and death; however, the variety of emotional reaction is much less between children’s death and funeral & interment. The common affective expressions of grief, such as mourning and grieving, begin after the funeral. Bereaved parents’ worrying affection could be consoled only if children would be better after life. C. Adaptative StrategyWhether during children’s illness or after children’s death, bereaved parents would voluntarily take adaptation in grief work, including the application of personal internal factors and external supportive system. Internal factor consists of self-awareness, acceptance of the fact, religions and caring people initiatively. External supportive system consists of the assistance from parents, spouse, friends, religious people and growth group.Coping your sorrowful affections by the means of escaping or suppression would do nothing good but to cause more negative effects, you would confront the risk of deeper injury and trauma. D. Manifestation in the Meaning of LifeConfronting of the great impulse from children’s death, there would be obvious transformation in bereaved parents’ philosophy, attitude and objective of life, and views on death. Bereaved parents would feel life’s impermanent and limitation to human being, thus, their attitude towards life would be more relaxing, they would no longer seek for high position and fame; instead, they would realize that the initial part is become what they already are. They comprehend thoroughly about what they are pursing on life objection. They would take the optimistic viewpoint to death, and be courageous enough to talk bout. Meanwhile, through the introspect of life-withering they, once again, recover their own vigor in life. E. Viewpoints to Bereavement Support GroupAffirming the function of the bereavement support group, and showing wills to participate in such group. This study provides concrete suggestion based on the researching conclusion, to those scholars, experts and practice performers as for the counseling preference. At the same time, this research helps bereaved parents confront the damage and value which might be caused form death experience, with the hope that bereaved parents whom are concerned could recovery from the process on grief accommodation. |
