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| 題名: | 非市場經濟銀行轉型之研究：以中國國有商業銀行股權所有制為例 |
| 其他題名: | The Transition of Banks of Non-Market Economies: The Case Share-Ownership of Chinese State-Owned Commercial Banks |
| 作者: | 吳文正
Wu, Wen-cheng |
| 貢獻者: | 亞太研究所
孫國祥
Kuo-shyang Sun |
| 關鍵詞: | 世貿;國有銀行;中國
WTO;state-owned bank;China |
| 日期: | 2003 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-05-28 17:18:11 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 中國是屬於社會主義轉型國家，在其經濟轉型的過程中，所採用的方式與途徑，與其他的社會主義轉型國家有所差異，而且在成果方面亦比其他社會主義國家較為突出。然而在這些轉型國家的經濟發展上，銀行實扮演關鍵的角色，其單一的所有權制度，使其成為支撐效率低落之國有企業的融資管道，承擔各類的社會義務等非商業化的銀行功能，並導致銀行的經營、管理和目標，均受到政府的嚴重干預，在這些非市場經濟運作機制的交互作用下，使得銀行的弊端日益的顯現與嚴重。對中國而言，其銀行體系和金融體系是以四家國有銀行為其支配主體，而其國有銀行的改革問題，亦在政府和學術界之中討論甚久，但仍提不出有效的解決方案。國有銀行在無法改善經營效率與經營機制的同時，中國又加入了世界貿易組織，這使金融服務業受到的衝擊頗為深遠，加深了國有銀行改革的迫切性。 中國在成為世貿之一員後，中國政府提出了國有銀行股份制改革的策略規劃，計劃將國有銀行改組為國家絕對控股的股份制商業銀行。中國政府把國家定位為企業的經營主體，這種思考模式，是否能夠有效的促進國有銀行在世貿機制下的競爭力？是否會招致與國有企業股份制改革同樣的結局？對國有銀行未來的發展關係頗大。因此本文是以中國政府對國有銀行股份制改革所設定的目標：完善的法人治理結構、運作機制健全、經營目標明確、財務狀況良好和具有較強國際競爭力等現代企業制度作為未來股份制改革的發展方向。在此基礎和願景之下，審慎衡量中國目前的金融情勢，並根據許多國家之銀行轉型的經驗和成果，及國際銀行業的發展趨勢，對中國政府提出的國家絕對控股策略的可行性加以評估，然後依國際性的觀點，嘗試提供一些關於國有銀行股份制改革可能較為合理的策略思考方向，包括股權的配置、機構組織的重整、治理結構的重組、上市融資與金融監管體制等方面的策略思考，期望能觸動國有銀行的良性發展，以因應加入世貿後所面臨的各種金融挑戰和提高競爭力。 最後，並針對國有銀行目前的內部問題和外部的情勢提出一些建議，並預判中國未來的金融體制改革，在短期內金融分業經營和管理的體制應該會繼續的維持，而國有銀行改革仍持續朝向以國家絕對控股之股份制商業銀行挺進，但在國有銀行之業務經營方面，政府可能持續以「特許經營」的方式，個別核准國有銀行在中國境內或境外成立個自的金融控股公司或集團公司的形式，以從事綜合金融業務的經營，來提高其國際競爭的能力和繼續扮演著支撐經濟發展的重要角色。
China is a socialist economies transition country. The economies transition process that it adopted methods and approaches difference from socialist economies transition countries, and it economies reform achievements is more success than others. However, these transition countries economic development process, banks played a key role. Bank’s ownership belonged to the state, therefore it became a main capital financed channel of state-owned enterprises, and must to bear all type social obligations, etc. So bank’s operation, management and goals were interfered from government. Owning to restraint these non-market economic factors influence, resulted in bank system problems gradual to show up, and promoted these transition countries state-owned banks reform. China’s bank system and financial system were dominant by four state-owned banks for a long time, state-owned banks reform problems between government and scholars were warm discussed. But still not to raise valid schemes and measures. At the same time, China joined World Trade Organization（WTO）to cause financial services were serious impacted, also deepen China state-owned banks reform urgently. China became a WTO member, although China official to raise many reform measures about state-owned banks, but still to insist on socialist public system premise, also will plan to become joint-shares commercial banks of state absolute to control shares. This thought model that state to fall into to dominant enterprises pattern, also may be state-owned banks reform strategy to appear the same fate with state-owned enterprises joint-shares reform. Therefore this thesis advocates the principle of “China government to design goals of banks reform”, also according to many countries state-owned banks transition experiences and international banking development trends, then as an international viewpoint to evaluate joint-shares reform strategy for China official proposal, and try to provide some ideas and suggestions. This research main consider points about state-owned banks to restructure joint-shares commercial banks, including shares allocation, organization structure, governance structure, listed, and financial supervise system reform strategy schemes, and so on. And hope to touch state-owned banks development and cope with all varieties of financial situation after WTO. Finally, this research to aim directly at state-owned banks internal problems and external situation to bring up some viewpoints and suggestions, also furthermore predict China’s financial separation operational and management system still to last to perform, and state-owned banks joint-shares system reform still towards state absolute control shares pattern. But about state-owned banks business activities aspects, government will adopt “special permission” style to allow state-owned bank to build individual financial holding company groups at internal and external boundary to engage in diversity businesses, and to promote state-owned banks international competition and continue to play a key role to support economic growth. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-亞太研究碩士班
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