「一個中國」在1971年以前就是中華民國，甚至在1990年代以前，「一個中國」仍然是兩岸相同的目標。隨著台灣威權體制的瓦解，社會日愈民主化及公民社會的形成，台灣民眾對於國家的認同卻愈趨分歧，呈現出來的即是統、獨意識形態之爭。統獨之爭不但造成國家認同的模糊，也造成國內政治及兩岸關係的緊張。終至1999年7月李登輝提出兩岸是「特殊的國與國關係」，中華民國政府正式放棄了「一個中國」原則，兩岸溝通協商的大門也就此關閉。而當中華民國政府不再堅持「一個中國」立場後，「中華民國在台灣」究竟是怎樣的「政治實體」，「中國」、「中華民國」和「中華人民共和國」三者間的關係如何明確的釐清，實為現今台灣社會重要課題。 本文主要目的即在於以國際法的學理探討兩岸關係中最具爭議的「一個中國」原則，首先對於兩岸近年來對於「一個中國」的涵義解釋的變化，其變化的雖然結合了歷史恩怨、國際政治、國內政治複雜因素，而歸結原因即是雙方對於「一個中國」的主權爭議。而一個國家主權又牽涉到國際法對於國家或政府變遷所做的「承認」與「繼承」的規定。兩岸關係之複雜，即因為不僅是國家或政府的繼承關係，也涉及到國際社會對於兩岸承認問題。這也使得兩岸從過去因意識形態不同的軍事對抗，轉變為在國際社會的外交戰爭。作者認為兩岸應從「一個中國」的領土主權原則出發，中國的主權屬於全體中國人民，兩岸政府應清楚區分「國家繼承」、「政府繼承」和「國家承認」、「政府承認」之不同，依據國際法理清晰的法律用語加以解釋，若是兩岸皆偏執一隅，便不可能正確的理解「一個中國」的原則與兩岸政府之間的關係，兩岸之間爭執多年的「主權」問題也不可能獲得有效的解決。 There are no doubt that“One China” is the Republic of China（ROC）before 1971, and “One China” is still the same objective across the Taiwan Strait before 1990s. To follow Taiwan authoritarianism to disintegrate and society gradually democratize to form civil society, therefore Taiwan people have different “national identity” viewpoints, including unification or independence with mainland China . So cause “national identity” was obscured and across the Taiwan Strait Relations tension. After Lee Teng-hui raised “special state to state relationship” between ROC and PRC on July 1999, “One China” principle was formal abdicated by the ROC government then both side dialogic door was closed meanwhile. Therefore,how to divide relatively into among “China” and “Republic of China” and “People’s Republic China” is an important issue after the ROC government to give up “One China” principle at today. This paper main purpose advocates the theory of “International Law” to explore “One China” principle issues between the ROC and PRC－sovereignty dispute. Also a national sovereignty to get involved some rules of International Law “recognize” and “succession”. Between across the Taiwan Strait complex relations including the problem of national or government succession and international society recognize. In other words, these problems cause across the Taiwan Strait from military against past to today’s diplomacy war. Author thinks to restart dialog between across the Taiwan Strait should correspond with principle of “One China” territory sovereignty, China’s sovereignty is belong to whole Chinese people, ROC and PRC governments should clear to divide into “state succession” and “government succession” ,“state recognize” and “government recognize”.According to the International Law rules to explain, across the Taiwan Strait can not correct to realize “One China” principle and governmental relations if both sides have different opinions, will cause China’s sovereignty problem can not gain effective to solve.
