台灣傳統漆器工藝永續經營之研究

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Title:	台灣傳統漆器工藝永續經營之研究
Other Titles:	Study on the Eternal Development of Traditional Nature Lacquer Ware in Taiwan
Authors:	張輝雄 Chang, Hui-Hsiung
Contributors:	美學與藝術管理研究所蔡瑞霖 Ray-lin Tsai
Keywords:	生漆;漆器;漆陶;漆畫;漆文化園區 raw lacquer;lacquerware;lacquer pottery;lacquer painting;lacquer culture area
Date:	2002
Issue Date:	2015-06-02 10:28:00 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究以探討台灣傳統漆器工藝永續經營為主。漆器的歷史發展，在中國約有七千多年，是漢民族引以為傲的工藝技術。台灣最早的漆器工藝用品，是由大陸福州地區引進；接下來是日本人在1921年從越南引進漆樹種植，並在苗栗銅鑼地區設置漆器製造廠，開始有效的培養訓練技術人員，生產一般民生用器皿，漆器工藝在台灣才正式起飛，1960年締造了生漆原料外銷日本的最大生產地。因此漆器工業在台灣，應有很大空間值得推廣。如何永續經營成為本研究之最先議題。本研究首先以文獻探討及訪談工藝專家、學者們，了解漆器工藝產業的結構問題後，建立研究的架構及方法。結果顯示，台灣傳統漆器工藝在現階段經營之問題為：（一）生活方式改變，造成傳統漆器工藝的沒落。（二）傳統工藝的材料取得不易。（三）替代性材料與工業技術的出現。（四）低廉勞工地區搶奪傳統工藝產業的生機。（五）漆器工藝的原料，生漆內含之漆酸，會使人接觸後奇癢無比。（六）漆樹受颱風侵襲，嚴重影響漆液的採割及台灣大量種植檳榔樹。為了達到永續經營之目的，有以下幾項建議：（一）儘快將漆器工藝的教學，正式納入高中、大學或研究所的課程內，讓教育的認知，解除人民對漆器工藝，知與學的迷失。（二）重新思考傳統漆器工藝與現代塑膠製品的環保價值，以新題材、新設計的產品，幫助傳統漆器工藝的再生。（三）規劃休閒農場式的文化園地空間。因應週休二日人們的需求，帶動漆器工藝永續經營的大道。　　The study mainly looks into the eternal development of traditional nature lacquer ware in Taiwan. It has been almost seven thousand years since the lacquer ware was invented, and it is the fine art that Chinese (specifically the Han) people have been proud of. The earliest lacquer ware appliances of Taiwan were from Fu Jo in Mainland China. Later in 1921, Japanese government in Taiwan started to run this industry effectively, including planting lacquer trees, training technicians, setting up factories in Tungluo Shiang, Miaoli and producing lacquer ware appliances. Taiwan became the main place of origin that exported the raw lacquer to Japan in 1960. The eternal development of traditional nature lacquer ware in Taiwan has become a significant issue since lacquer ware industry is considered potential. According to some records and the opinions of some experts in this field, there are several difficulties for conducting the lacquer ware industry. 1. The modernization leads to the decline of traditional lacquer ware industry. 2. The difficulty for getting the raw material. 3. The competition of the substitution of material and technology. 4. The threat of low labor cost from southeaster and Mainland China. 5. The effect of the raw materials works on Human body. After the contact of the raw material with their skin, people feel extremely itchy. 6. Typhoon and the lacking of environmental protection (the extensively growing of betel nuts in Taiwan) have influenced the planting of the lacquer trees. For reaching the purpose of the eternal development of traditional nature lacquer ware in Taiwan, there are few solutions suggested: 1. It is vital to start it from the education. The knowledge of lacquer ware should become the teaching material of high school, university or even graduate school in order to improve the understanding about this field. 2. Create new materials and design of lacquer ware by comparing the value of plastic and lacquer production in environmental protection. It helps to bring the lacquer ware industry back. 3. Set up the lacquer culture area for common people to spend their leisure time, especially on weekends. It not only meets the need of entertainment for common people but pushes the development of lacquer ware forward.
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