| 摘要: | 在永續發展與環境保護的理念下，企業界嘗試利用相關的指標評估工具，針對所提供的產品與服務進行環保性與永續性的評估。而傳統利用LCA對產品的衝擊分析，其評估結果往往因人為的判斷，帶有主觀性的權重而產生爭議。應用生態足跡分析於產品上，可合理且真實反映生態的現實而並非任意的權重，克服此爭議問題。但生態足跡分析相較於污染更著重在計算資源的消費，並未包括許多環境衝擊的足跡分析。因此為完成產品的生態足跡分析，本研究著重在建構污染所造成環境衝擊的足跡換算機制。利用植物淨化污染的效益與環境涵容能力的概念，推估出空氣污染中全球暖化、酸性氣體、光化學煙霧氣體；水中優養化；土壤重金屬及有機污染物的足跡換算因子。最後引用鉛酸電池的生命週期評估個案，利用本研究所推估出的污染足跡換算因子，試算出鉛酸電池每年的全球暖化足跡為3.58公頃、酸性氣體足跡為28.55公頃、光化學煙霧氣體足跡為1.01公頃；水中優養化0.0003公頃；土壤重金屬0.05公頃。期望從具體的土地面積呈現評估的結果，使企/產業或消費者在生產或購買時能夠具體的感受環境的負荷，藉此土地限制的概念，避免過度的資源使用與污染排放，以減低對環境所造成的衝擊。
For achieving business sustainability, enterprises are looking for suitable tools to evaluate product’s sustainability. Traditionally, life cycle assessment (LCA) is using for assessing product’s environmental attributes. However, LCA suffers from the subjective weighting judgment when environmental impact assessment is involved. Using the concept of ecological footprint (EF), which is a conversion of resource consumption to land, to assess the product could resolve the controversy mentioned above. In the past, EF assessments were concentrated on evaluating resources consumption rather than pollution or environmental impact. In order to appraise the environmental attributes of products, a framework based on the carrying capacity of lands and the purification capacity of vegetations to convert pollution into land was developed. Using the methodology developed, several environmental impacts are able to convert into EF, these include global warming, atmospheric acidification, photochemical ozone (smog), eutrophication and heavy metal contamination of soil. Results from a LCA study of lead acid battery were utilized to estimate the EF of environmental impacts mentioned above, they are 3.58ha, 28.55ha, 1.01ha, 0.0003ha and 0.05ha for global warming, atmospheric acidification, photochemical ozone (smog), eutrophication and heavy metal contamination of soil, respectively. It is believed that the conversion framework developed in this study should be able to boost the study of evaluating the sustainability of products, and to differentiate the products based on the environmental attributes. |
