人類對於生態環境的依賴程度就有如對於空氣和水般的不可或缺，十八世紀以前人類因為依循著順應的法則來取用大自然資源，因此資源不虞匱乏；但是十九世紀後，由於工業革命帶來富足的生活，促使許多人開始汲汲於追求經濟的發展，而渾然不覺賴以生活的生態已受到如何的迫害。 受衝擊的生態不再平衡，而空氣、土壤、水受到嚴重的污染也造成國際大國事後付出慘痛的代價，此時《成長的極限》一書中述及：「由於人口急遽增加、追求經濟發展造成地球資源及能源逐漸減少，再加上公害污染致使環境生態不斷的遭受破壞，人類的成長將於數十年內到達極限，世界將面臨經濟上的崩潰……..。」，此份報告更是徹底喚醒人類對環境的關注。 本研究透過文獻分析法整理相關議題的文件及研究報告，尤其是強調官方與非官方的資料蒐集，並對其內容從事進一步的了解，最後對各國所實踐的成效加以分析，並從中得知環境品質在「地球高峰會議」以來仍持續惡化，工業化國家有毒物質及廢棄物的排放上持續增加；酸雨的污染問題逐漸由工業化國家變成發展中國家的問題；整體而言，水資源或森林、海洋中魚群等的使用率在在都超過再生的速率。 對以上實踐永續發展時所面臨的困境，本文最後建議有關未來努力的方向，並以為「教育」應為最重要的一環，亦即永續發展工作的成果與否在於發展人力資源，也就是主要應投資於教育方面，透過教育的普及來促進人類對永續發展的了解並達成共識，進而共同採取行動，共同為永續發展付出一份心力。 Human relies on environment just similar to air and water. Before the eighteen centuries, people used natural resources by following natural rule. So it is enough to use. After the ninth teen centuries, people focus on developing economy growth due to started by industry revolution. But environment was destroyed because of economy growth . Ecology was not balance any more. Many countries paid a lot of cost result of air pollution, soil pollution and water pollution. As "limitation of growth" said「Due to people increase so much and focus on economy growth lead to earth recourses and energy were decrease , so human will be reach the limitation of growth by pollution and environment was destroyed….」，This report will reminder people more concern on environment protection. This research had integrated related topics, documentation and report through reference analysis method, especially emphasized on collecting official and non-official documentation and compared their content to analyze the result of each country execution. After researching, we found the environment was not improved after "Earth Summit". Industry country's hazard material and wastes was increasing continually；Acid rain's problem was transferred from developed country to developing country. Summary, water recourse and forest's rate of usage is higher than their rate of regeneration. Above-mentioned issues of sustainable development, we suggest we need to more focus on education in the future. Through education, we can get more human resources on developing "sustainable development ". Then we can get the common consensus and make a action plan to execute future development plan for protecting our environment.
