永久中立乃是權力平衡下的產物，其主要目的是使存在於大國間之小國能成為緩衝國，維持大國間權力的均勢；雖然中立政策使瑞士和平的渡過了七百多年，然而隨著蘇聯的瓦解、冷戰結束、北大西洋公約組織的東擴、歐洲聯盟統合的日益擴大和全球化的結果勢必會影響到瑞士的整個外交政策。 2002年3月3日對瑞士政府和其人民來說是個特別的日子，瑞士針對「是否加入聯合國」的問題舉行第二次公民投票，投票結果有54.61%的選民及超過12個邦的選票贊成加入聯合國，瑞士終於成為聯合國的第190個會員國。公投結果雖然僅以些微的差距通過憲法要求之門檻，但是這對有百年中立歷史的瑞士而言卻是邁向國際社會的一大步。本文主要在探究自國聯時期到冷戰與後冷戰時代的國際情勢變化，是如何影響瑞士之中立外交政策，並以其加入聯合國之過程做為說明。論文最後並將瑞士中立外交政策在未來可能面臨的挑戰做推測分析。 Permanent neutrality is the product under the balance of power. The main purpose of its permanent neutrality is that the small countries can be a buffer state between the big powers and also can make the equilibrium of force. Switzerland passed seven hundred years by neutrality policy, however, the changing of international environment, such as the end of the cold war, the enlargement of European Unions and NATO, and the effects of globalization, is to influence the original neutrality and foreign policy of Switzerland deeply. The day of March 3rd 2002 to Switzerland and her people was significant. Both the cantons and the people (the double majority required) accepted the popular initiative on Switzerland’s membership to the United Nations. Although it’s “just a toe cross the line”, Switzerland became the 190th member of the United Nations eventually. Switzerland’s policy towards the UN is paradoxical. The essay aims to study how international environment affected the country’s foreign policy and the moving of Switzerland’s traditional neutrality in and after the cold war. The end of it is also to make few conjectures of Switzerland’s foreign policy whose obstacles in the future.
