| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解不同家庭背景、生活方式與生活習慣，相對壽命傾向分佈狀況，進而探討影響人類壽命相關因素關係程度與平均壽命差異情形，以可能預測人類壽命群集。根據研究所得，提出具體建議，以供一般成年人生活規劃之參考。研究採用面訪問卷調查法。問卷調查對象以台南市東區92年往生者為母群（N＝788），取該區四十五里往生者名冊,採分層隨機選樣方式，並排除因意外且往生壽命未達四十歲者，共計105人為研究對象。研究工具為往生者代答家屬之研究問卷，問卷分成兩個部分，第一部份為一般「背景變項」，包含居住地區、性別、往生年齡、罹患慢性疾病、從發病致往生期間、健康狀況、宗教信仰、教育程度、職業及寵物等，共計十題；第二部份為生活適應關係「因素變項」，包括「遺傳與家庭背景」、「個性與生活方式」和「身體與生活習慣」等面向因素，共計四十四題。所得資料採描述分析、相關分析、單因子變異數分析與區別分析等統計方法加以處理。 根據研究發現，歸納研究結論如下：1.人類「因素變項」與其「壽命」具有部分顯著性的相關。2.人類「因素變項」與其「平均壽命」具有部分顯著性的差異。3.從退休年齡等二十九項顯著相關或顯著差異因素，可有效區別命中人類壽命群集為何種類型（中年組、年輕老年組、老年組與長壽老年組）？中年組之所以短壽，由以下兩種「三聯徵」－「菸、酒與檳榔」或「勞累、熬夜與缺乏運動」其中一種或同時具有，可能被預測；長壽老年組之所以長壽，可由「養生之道」與「長壽之道」同時具有，可能被預測；年輕老年組與老年組具有的生活型態特徵，介於中年組與長壽老年組之間，他們之所以提前一、二十年患病而往生，由上述的生活型態，可能被預測。就全體總預測準確率高達94.0%，其區別命中力頗高。
This research is aiming to understand the different backgrounds, living styles and habits, and the relative life span distribution of general population and to explore the degrees of influence of life related factors and the deviation in average life to possibly predict human life groups. Some solid recommendations were proposed for the reference of average adults in their life plan. Questionnaire and interview were adopted in this research. The 788 persons who deceased in 2003 were selected as the primary investigation subjects. By using random selection and eliminating the accidental victims who died before their forties, 105 subjects were chosen. Questionnaires were answered by the family member of the deceased. The contents of the questionnaire can be divided into two parts: the first part is the general background variation, including living area, gender, age of death, case of death, period of survival from activation of ill to death, health situation, religion, education, vocation, and pet; the second part is adaptation variation factors, including genetic and family background, characters and living style, and body and living habit. The data retrieved were thereby processed by different statistical analyses, such as description analysis, relative analysis, single variation analysis, and distinctive analysis. The conclusion of this research found:1. Variation factors have partial significant relevance with life span.2. Variation factors have partial significant difference with average life.3. By the 29 significant relative or significant different factors, such as age of retirement, etc, we can effectively distinguish the life groups (middle-aged group, little old group, old group, and long-life group) of people. The short life of middle-aged group can be predicted from one or two of the following two triple-symptoms: cigarette, wine and betel, or labor, stay up late, and lack of exercise. The long life of the long-life group can be expected from the mutual existence of the preservation method and long-life method. The life characters and style of the little old group and the old group are between the middle-aged group and the long-life group. The cause of their earlier deaths of disease is possible to predict from their living styles. The accuracy of prediction for the whole subject is 94.0%. |
