正當法律程序與人民權利之保障：以雲林縣焚化爐設立為例

NHUIR > College of Social Sciences > Department of International and China Studies, The M.A. Program of Asia-Pacific Studies and Public Policy Studies > Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Asia-Pacific Studies) > Item 987654321/21912

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Title:	正當法律程序與人民權利之保障：以雲林縣焚化爐設立為例
Other Titles:	Due Process of Law and Civil Rights: Case Study of the Incinerator Establishment Process at Yunlin County
Authors:	張世強 Chang, Shih-chiang
Contributors:	亞太研究所毛樹仁 Shuh-ren Mao
Keywords:	正當法律程序;雲林縣焚化爐;聽證;行政程序法;環境影響評估法 Due process of law;Environmental Impact Assessment Act;Hearing;Incinerator in Yunlin County;Administrative Procedure Act
Date:	2005
Issue Date:	2015-07-06 15:23:42 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	雲林縣由於設立焚化爐之過程，引起當地民眾激烈抗爭之政治事件，不僅引發地方自治史上第一件鄉鎮長罷免案投票，雲林縣長更因本案成為首位被通緝、羈押之現任縣長。本案一方面凸顯出現行「環境影響評估法」等法律，無法有效保障民眾參與之缺失，導致必須依靠體制外的抗爭活動表達其訴求；另一方面亦凸顯公務員在「依法行政」之時，因法律設計的缺失，產生法律適用之困境；並且由於制度之缺失，導致決策者無法充分掌握民意資訊，容易陷入決策於未知之困境。　　　我國由於繼受大陸法系，向來「重實體，輕程序」，然而源自於美國聯邦憲法第五號修正案之「正當程序」條款，已儼然成為普世價值。此由我國近年來大法官會議解釋，不斷強調「正當法律程序」可以得到明證。我國「行政程序法」的制定、施行，更堪稱憲法上正當法律程序的具體化。本論文嘗試將正當法律程序之源起、我國大法官會議解釋，以及「行政程序法」對正當法律程序的規定作一有系統之探討，期能建立行政機關對於「正當法律程序」正確的認知。　　　雲林縣設立焚化爐過程所適用之主要法律依據為「環境影響評估法」，現行環境影響評估制度缺乏民眾參與機制之缺點，且「雙主管機關」制度在縣市政府之運作實務上，有「球員兼裁判」之嫌，無法發揮「各有所司、相互制衡」之功效。本論文嘗試從「環境影響評估法」探討現行環評制度「缺乏民眾參與」、「雙主管機關」、「二階段程序」及「審查委員會」之缺點，並提出改進之道。　　　最後，針對「行政程序法」與其他法律應如何關聯運用，及機關應如何拿捏民眾參與程度，提出學者及個人見解，並具體提出「環境影響評估法」及「行政程序法」之修法建議。　　The incinerator establishment process in Yunlin County result in the political event of violent resistance by local public, which not only bring the first deposing polling of township governor in the history of local autonomy, but the County magistrate even became the first incumbent county magistrate that had been listed as wanted and detained. In one hand, this case has highlighted that the existing “Environmental Impact Assessment Act” could not protect the participation of public, and result in the expression of their requests through the resistance campaign outside of the system; on the other hand, it also highlighted the fault of law design, which result in the difficulty for public official to “execute according laws”. Furthermore, because of the imperfect system, decision maker could not handle public opinions completely and mired in unknown difficulties while making decisions. 　　　Because law in Taiwan was received to continental law system, which is usually “More emphasized at substantive than procedure”; however, the “Due Process of law” originated from the fifth amendment of Federal Constitution of US has almost been considered as the universal value. This could be demonstrated from the continuous strengthen on “Due Process of Law” by the explanation from grand justice council of these years in Taiwan. The establishment and execution of “Administrative Procedure Act” in Taiwan could be described as the concretization of on due process of law in Constitute. This article attempts to make a systematic discussion of the origin of due process of law, explanation from the Grand Justice Council and the regulation of “Administrative Procedure Act” at due process of law, and expecting to establish administrative institution’s correct perception of “Due Process of Law”.　　　The establishment process of incinerator in Yunlin County is mainly based on the “Environmental Impact Assessment Act”; however existing environmental impact assessment system does not have the system for public participation, and the “Duo-competent Authorities” system has the suspicion of “Self-judgment” in the practical operation of county/city government and could not develop the effect of “Undertake own responsibility and supervise each other”. This article attempts discuss the faults of exiting environment evaluation system, like “with public participation”, “Duo-competent Authorities”, “Two Steps Procedure” and “The Review Committee”, from “Environmental Impact Assessment Act”, and propose way of improvement. 　　　Finally, is to address personal opinions from scholar and individual for the association application and how shall institution control the participation of public for the “Administrative Procedure Act” and other laws, and address specific recommendation for the amendment of “Environmental Impact Assessment Act” and “Administrative Procedure Act”.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of International and China Studies, The M.A. Program of Asia-Pacific Studies and Public Policy Studies] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Asia-Pacific Studies)

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