| 摘要: | 全世界大約有三十億的貧窮人口，其中將近十三億人是生活在每天收入不到一美元的赤貧困境，他們沒有安全的飲水，沒有電力的供應，也沒有基本的衛生設備，不只是無法得到溫飽，連健康也受到極大的威脅。貧窮更不是落後國家的專利，即使在經濟堪稱富裕的我國，貧窮問題也有逐漸擴大的跡象，根據家扶中心（CCF）2005年的調查報告指出，我國每九十分鐘就增加一個貧窮兒童。因此，貧窮問題的嚴重確實不容忽視。 近年來，國際社會對降低貧窮的關心日益升高。諸如：世界銀行與國際貨幣基金會提出的降低貧窮策略計畫書（Poverty Reduction Strategy paper, PRSP），以及聯合國千禧年發展目標 (Millennium Development Goals, MDGs) 等，都宣示要在2015年，讓全世界赤貧人口減半的目標。為了達到降低貧窮的目標，以世界銀行為首的主要援助者，相繼提出新的援助方法或援助策略，對全世界的援助方向造成極大的影響。 我國在國際援助舞台上的表現，向來都是相當積極、不遺餘力。但是，因為國情的特殊，我國政府在對外援助的過程中，容易蒙上政治的色彩或是涉入外交的考量。而非政府組織則可以適度迴避政治、外交的掣肘，並且靈活的運用資源，展現援外的意志與扶貧的真諦。因此，本文嘗試以非政府組織的觀點，探討我國非政府組織在援外場域的具體實踐，包括援外的面向、援外的方法與策略，從而了解其援外扶貧的努力成果。同時，掌握兼具效果與效率的援助模式，藉以找出改善貧窮的有效方法。
There are about 3 billion of the poor in the worldwide countries, among them, 1.3 billion of the poor population has been suffered from extremely hardship living with income less then one US dollar. They do not have the safe water for serving, no electrical power supply, and further no basic sanitary facilities. They are not only unable to get warm and meals but also have their poor health under threatening. The poor is not the exclusive right of lagging countries, even in Taiwan, a rich country, the problem of the poor is expanding gradually. According to the survey report of 2005 from CCF (Taiwan Fund for Children and Families, CCF), one poor child is increased every 90 minutes. Therefore, the problem of the poor shall not be neglected. International society concerns much to solve the problem on lowering the poor recent years, for example: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, PRSP, and Millennium Development Goals, MDGs, etc. declared that the poor population in the world was expected to be reduced an half in 2015. In order to implement the goal on poverty reduction, the major leading supporters and sponsors in the worldwide banking organizations raised continuously their new assistance methods or support strategies that have created a great influence on supporting direction in this global world. Taiwan is always progressive and enthusiastic to provide the foreign assistance and support to all programs implemented by international organizations. However, for having a special identity status, it is quite easily for Taiwan to have involved in the political or diplomatic colors during the process of foreign assistance case. Non-Governmental Organizations, NGOs can avoid appropriately the political and diplomatic interference and apply the resources flexibly to display the determined will of Taiwan on foreign assistance with essence of poor eradication. As a result, this study tried to research on practical foreign assistance cases implemented by Non-Governmental Organizations, NGOs in Taiwan from a viewpoint of Non-Governmental Organizations, NGOs, including the direction, methods, and strategies of the foreign assistance. Furthermore, the achievement result of foreign assistance on poor eradication can be realized fully. Meantime, we utilize the assistance modes with effective and efficient method to seek for the best way on improving the poor. |
