| 摘要: | 對於軍事單位而言，其任務之成敗與領導者之領導風格有密切關係，而組織文化更可以反映出軍事單位是否具備創新求變的改革動力，從組織的溝通、領導風格及共同遠景的塑造等應為重要的測量向度，多數學者認為領導風格是一個影響組織效能的重要變數，許多研究指出領導風格直接影響部屬士氣及滿足之最大環境因素，領導者扮演舉足輕重的角色，其領導行為左右組織運作，由此可知組織績效好壞與領導者之領導行為有密切關係。 組織因其架構及任務之差別，所面對之工作情境亦各有所異；一般而言，軍事單位多具有強烈的組織文化，且領導功能的行使亦偏向命令方式。但隨著社會價值體系的改變及國防組織的調整，長期任職其中的成員對所處組織之組織承諾態度與彰顯於外的工作行為是否產生變化，係本研究探究的主軸。 彼得．聖吉在「第五項修練：學習型組織的藝術與實務」一書中指出，學習型組織是在巨變環境中最有適應性與競爭性的組織。國防部為落實政府學習型組織建立的政策，並提昇國軍幹部素質，結合教育部推動「學習型社會」與勞委會所建構「國家證照制度」，規劃建立國軍全方位終身學習環境，使其習得第二專長，利於生涯規劃，進而強化國軍幹部的本職學能。國軍在學習型組織的建構，已辦理多年其實際的成效與組織生涯管理方案，是否已跳脫以往科層式組織辦理形式，兼顧組織目標與個人生涯規劃的需求，是為本研究另一研究主軸。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以SPSS統計視窗軟體為統計分析工具，針對樣本資料使用因素分析、信度分析、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、相關分析、區段迴歸分析及集群分析等研究方法。研究目的在於探討國軍高階主官領導型態及科層式的組織文化對於學習型組織、組織承諾與提昇工作行為之影響關聯程度，並以空軍後勤司令部官、士、聘、雇人員為研究對象，共發出500份問卷，回收413份，扣除無效問卷113份，有效問卷300份，有效回收率為60%。 本研究之假設分為四類：一是個人特徵在各變項間的差異，二是變項間的相關性，三是中介效果影響性，四是不同集群間的變項差異情形。 本研究主要發現如下：1. 轉化型、交易型及家長型領導對於軍事機關建構學習型組織與提昇國軍幹部組織承諾與工作行為均達非常顯著或極顯著正相關。2. 組織文化對於軍事機關建構學習型組織與提昇國軍幹部組織承諾與工作行為均達極顯著正相關。3. 軍事機關建構學習型組織成效對於國軍幹部組織承諾與工作行為有非常顯著或極顯著正相關。4. 組織文化對於轉化型、交易型及家長型領導型態與學習型組織間具有完全或部分之中介效果。本研究依據上述研究發現，分別對軍事機關及國軍同仁及未來研究者提出建議，以供參考。
To military activities, there is close relationship between success of the mission and the leadership style of a leader. And the organizational culture can reflect if the military activity has the drive for improvement and creation. From the measuring index of communication, leadership style and common projection in the organization, leadership style as most scholars thought is an important index which influences the organization function. Most studies point that leadership is the most important factor which directly influences the subordinates’ morale and satisfaction. Leader plays as a major factor in organization, because his behavior affects the operation of the organization. Thus, the performance of the organization has a close relationship with the behavior of the leader. Because of the difference between structure and mission, the work situations we face are different. Frankly speaking, military units have stronger organizational culture, and the way of leading tends to order way. But as the system of the social value and the organization of national defense change, we are not sure that the organizational recognition and outward work performance of the employees who serve the military very long time would change not. And this is our subject we focus on. In The Fifth Discipline, Peter Senge points out that the learning organization is being recognized as the most adaptive and competitive in changing environment. The National Defense Department connected “Learning Society” pushed by the Educational Department with “National License System” established by Labor Committee to promote caliber of the military , in another word, to plan a career-planning learning surroundings to help members get second specialties, on the other hand, to improve the whole efficiency of organization. Has the military really changed the type of organization from the mechanistic to the organic? Or has the military satisfied the needs of organization itself and the crew themselves? And this is another our subject we focus on. Adopting questionnaire investigation, this study applies SPSS program as the analysis tool, and uses factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, T test, One-Way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), correlation analysis, block regression analysis and cluster analysis for sampling. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship among leadership style and organizational culture on constructing Learning organization, promoting organizational commitment and cmproving work behavior in Military Activities. Take the Republic of China Air Force Logistics Command as a sample. The research instrument of choice was a well-structured questionnaire distributed among 500 persons. The final sample size was 300, therefore, the rate of return for the questionnaire was 60%. The study was involved in (1) the difference of individual characteristics in all variables, (2) the correlations among variables, (3) the mediating effects between variables, (4) the difference of variables from different groups, and (5) the causality between variables. This study present the major findings as follows: 1. There were strongly significant positive correlations among transformation, transactional and paternalistic leadership on constructing learning organization, promoting organizational commitment and improving work behavior in military activities. 2. There were strongly significant positive correlations among organizational culture on constructing learning organization, promoting organizational commitment and improving work behavior in military activities. 3. There were positive and strongly significant correlations among constructing learning organization on promoting organizational commitment and improving work behavior in military activities. 4. Organizational Culture has mediating effects in the relationship between Transformation, transactional, paternalistic leadership and Learning Organization. Based on the above, the study proposed some suggestions to the military activities, the military commanders and the future researchers. |
