臺南大天后宮的歷史與場域之研究

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Title:	臺南大天后宮的歷史與場域之研究
Other Titles:	A Study on the Connection of History and Spatial Meaning in the Great Matzu Temple of Tainan
Authors:	毛紹周 Mao, Shao-chou
Contributors:	環境與藝術研究所魏光莒 Kuan-chu Wei
Keywords:	媽祖;空間;社會;天后宮;歷史 Great Matzu Temple;Great Matzu;history;social;space
Date:	2005
Issue Date:	2015-07-31 16:07:41 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	臺南祀典大天后宮，昔日為明寧靖王朱術桂府邸，又稱一元子園亭。清聖祖康熙二十二年（西元1683年）施琅率清軍攻臺，寧靖王自縊殉國後，施琅將其府邸改建為媽祖廟迄今，從明鄭、大清、日本、民國等各個不同時期中，見證了臺灣三百多年風起雲湧的歷史歲月。　　　三百多年來，當初與大天后宮空間相關的歷史事件與人物，不滅的精神生命至今都還留存在於大天后宮的空間之中，有待我們去層層揭密與解讀。如何再現縈繞大天后宮空間之中歷代精神生命，重新理解人與空間、歷史、社會之間的相互關係，將是本論文的研究重點。雖然有許多精彩的故事似乎已經失傳或是被誤解，本研究試圖深入瞭解此一聖域的空間意涵，並嘗試盡可能為大天后宮空間場域做歷史性的還原創造性的重組。以索雅（Edward W.Soja）的“第三空間”理念，為重新出發的基礎，以“真實”的第一空間視角，和透過“想像”的空間再現來詮釋現實的第二空間視角，並以此二種真實與想像（real-and-imagined）兼具的多重性詮釋大天后宮的異質性空間，並為各種偏執觀念與誤解，進行澄清與時空詮釋。　　　本研究將寫作的主題分成三個部分。首先，在對於此棟建築物的創建年代和歷史時空背景與人物做一研究與確定，再對歷代的興修軌跡中所引伸出的關係人物做評價，並深入的探討這些關係人物與大天后宮的場域精神之間的相連結性。並且將大天后宮的歷史觀點與一般的“霸權史學”做一個區分，目的也只是為站在本研究場域的視域來做歷史階段的時空區隔。　　　其次，從橫跨各種視角，深度發掘大天后宮神祇在這個場域存在之必然性與歷史機緣，與所引伸的關係事件與人物故事的空間性、歷史性、社會性意涵。　　　第三，是針對大天后宮空間中的儀式性意涵來作為主要的論述方向。其中包括了儀式性的空間架構與相關裝飾物的意涵。　　　本文是以臺南祀典大天后宮的信仰空間與歷史場域，為研究的最主要之目標。並對在此信仰中所衍生之建築、造像、儀式等空間架構中的神聖性意涵做深入性探討，嘗試跳脫二元對立論，並使用索雅（Edward W.Soja）所提出之“另一個其他”（an-Other）的視角，以“生三成異”（thirding-as-Othering）的思考模式，來詮釋此神聖場域。　　The Great Matzu Temple of Tainan, also known as Yi Yuan Tzu Ting, was the grand mansion of the Lord Ning Jing of Ming dynasty Ju Shu Quei. In the year 22 of Kang Shi in Ching dynasty (1683 AC), She Lang and his soldiers invaded Taiwan. Ning Jing Wang committed suicide for his country and thereafter his mansion was changed into Matzu Temple which had been seeing more than three hundred years of eventful historic time from the Ming, Great Ching Japan to Ming Quo. 　　　In these three hundred years, historic events and characters related to the Great Matzu Temple and the eternal spiritual life remain in some of the space of the Great Matzu Temple’s and continue to have influence on the royal disciples of the Great Matzu Temple generation after generation. As prosperousness slowly passed, how to revitalize the spiritual life of the disciples of the Great Matzu Temple over the generations, to re-realize living world of human beings and the relationship between human beings and space, history and society are the key points of this thesis research. Although quite a few of spectacular stories have been lost or been misunderstood, by attempting to profoundly understand the spatial meaning of this sacred space, trying to describe the Great Matzu Temple as a creative combination and extension as much as possible, using the “real” firstspace point of view and through “imagine” space to explain the realistic of the secondspace, and utilizing these real-and-imagined of multi characteristics to interpret the heteropia space, and interpreting bigoted opinions which severely hinder the development of the Great Matzu Temple as well.　　　This thesis contains three sessions. First, this article introduces and confirms the construction year of this building and historic background and characters. Then, this article tried to make a faithful and trusty psychological evaluation on the main characters extended from the path of historic renovation. This study also discusses the connection between these characters and the spatial spirit of the Great Matzu Temple. IN addition, this research displays a positional mark off between the historic process of the Great Matzu Temple and hegemonic history of the country in order to demonstrate time and spatial mark off of the historic phases from the point of view of spatial study. 　　　Second, across the varied angle of views, this article discusses the main deities of the Great Matzu Temple in the literature, aesthetics, philosophy, history and religion aspects. 　　　　This aiticle also discovers the necessities and reasons for these deities existing in the space of the Great Matzu Temple and the spatial, historic and social meanings of the related events and stories developing from them.
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