| 摘要: | 本研究之目的在探討雙親教養態度、家庭功能與高中職女學生憂鬱症狀之間的相關性。本研究以台中縣兩所中學女學生(N=1207)為研究對象，使用雙親教養態度量表(Parental Bonding Instrument, PBI)、家庭功能量表(Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, FACES-III)與流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表(Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, CES-D)為研究工具，評估研究對象感受到的雙親教養態度、家庭功能以及目前憂鬱症狀之現況。並以描述性統計、獨立樣本T檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費氏事後比較、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸等方法對所收集的資料進行統計分析與處理。研究結果顯示： 一、高中職女學生0.5%為重度憂鬱（CES-D = 49-57分）；13.6%為中度憂鬱（CES-D = 29-48分）；85.9%為無或輕度憂鬱（CES-D = 0-28分）。 二、高中職女學生的憂鬱症狀程度會因「學校、年級、學業表現、家庭經濟」之不同而有顯著差異。學校排名後面、高年級、學業表現差、家庭經濟差之高中職女學生憂鬱症狀程度，明顯高於學校排名前面、低年級、學業表現佳、家庭經濟好者。 三、高中職女學生感受到16歲以前為高關懷、低保護（理想）的雙親教養態度，其憂鬱症狀明顯低於低情感控制、疏忽、高情感束縛的雙親教養態度。 四、高中職女學生之雙親教養態度的關懷越高、保護越低，家庭功能的凝聚力、適應力及整體家庭功能越高者，其憂鬱症狀程度越低。反之，關懷越低、保護越高，家庭功能的凝聚力、適應力以及整體家庭功能越低者，其憂鬱症狀程度越高。 五、在控制了其他可能的因素之後，「母親關懷、家庭經濟、學業表現、年級」與高中職女學生憂鬱症狀有顯著相關。
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of parental bonding, family function, and depressive symptoms among female high school students. The subjects of this study consisted of female students (N=1207) of two high schools in Taichung County. Parenting, family function, and depressive symptoms were measured by using Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Family adaptability, and Cohesion Evaluation scale (FACES-III), and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Descriptive statistics, respectively Independent-Samples T test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc comparison, Pearson correlation, and mutiple regression analysis were utilized to analyze data. The results of the present study are: 1. Around 0.5% of female high school students have severe depressive symptoms (CES-D = 49-57); 13.6% have moderate depressive symptoms (CES-D = 29-48); 83.9% have none or mild depressive symptoms (CES-D = 0-28). 2. The degree of the depressive symptoms among female high school students can vary distinctively in terms of different schools, grades, academic performance and family financial status. Students of worse ranking, higher grade, worse academic performance, and worse family economical status suffer from more serious depressive symptoms than those who are of better ranking, lower grade, better academic performance, and better family financial status, respectively. 3. Female high school students who received much care and less protection (optimal bonding) from their parents before the age of sixteen have less depressive symptoms than those who are under affectionless bonding, weak bonding and affectionate bonding of their parents. 4. Higher level of parents' care, family cohesion, family adaptability, and entire family function along with less protection from parents are the main factors for lower depressive symptoms for female high school students. On the contrary, the lower level of parents' care, family cohesion, family adaptability and entire family function along with more protection from parents may cause severer depressive symptoms. 5. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, mother's care, family economic status, academic performance and school grade are associated with the depressive symptoms of female high school students. |
