| 摘要: | 台灣地區自1958年至2005年發生天然災害247次，平均每年約為5次，尤其近年來都市化範圍不斷擴大，都市環境變遷，造成的天然災害有愈漸頻繁的趨勢。以颱風災害為例，平均每年發生3.6次，是台灣地區重大天然災害種類中發生次數最多的，所造成的損失平均每年高達190億元。另根據交通部氣象局資料顯示台灣每年發生有感地震約214次，成災地震平均每年發生0.4次，921大地震最具代表性，二者所引發的山崩、土石流等二次災害更不容忽視。 雖歷經了多次重大災害，皆能在災前做好準備，並且在災害發生時立即做好各項災害管控措施，設立緊急救災指揮中心，迅速的將各項災害損失減到最低。然而災害的防治是全面性的，必須長期在減災措施、災前整備、災中搶救、災後重建等各個階段進行經營，因此必須完成相關應變計畫及建構完善指揮體系，逐次推動強化都市防災能力的相關工作，方可對於不定時的災害降低受害程度，並提供迅速反應與長期安頓之對策。 本研究目的在強化縣、市「三合一會報」聯合運作機制，平時，以「災防會報」為主導，災害發生時成立「災害應變中心」實施緊急救援行動；戰時或緊急事變發生時，以「全民戰綜協調中心」為主導，整合政府機關、國軍部隊及民間救難等非營利組織，於最短時間內投入災變現場，產生較為符合人民需求的救援及重建功能，使受災地區能儘速恢復日常生活運作。其次，從各國災害防救體系中，檢驗其實際面優缺點，並以台中縣921震災及72水災為個案探討，針對轄內防災生活圈所能動員能量，包含防救災機具、重要物資、工程重機械等能量調查、編管進行探討，從醫療開設、殯葬處置、災民收容到鄉鎮市公所救災能力探討等，找出其災害應變之優缺點，作為台中縣未來災害防救之修正目標。最後依據就理論及實際層面之研究結果進行全篇的整理，並作為未來研究發展及提出可能的建議。
From 1958 to 2005, natural calamities had been taking place at least 247 times on Taiwan area, five times average for each year. In recent years, with the unceasing expansion of urban range and the transition of urban environment, natural disasters have come up more and more frequent. Typhoon suffering; for example, occurs 3.6 times average each year. Based on its rate, nothing can compare with typhoon disaster according to seriously natural calamities. Its damage costs up to 190 billion dollars average each year. According to the display of data from Taiwan meteorological Bureau of Ministry of communication, feeling earthquakes happen about 214 times average each year. Besides, damage-causing earthquakes arises about 0.4 times average each year. We could not overlook both a landside and a mudslide made by former and latter one. Moreover, the serious damage of earthquake was on behalf of nothing but 921 one. However, through a variety of vital calamities, disasters were reduced rapidly to the end with the complete preparation before calamities of both the establishment of Emergency Operations Center and the management and control measures of differing disasters. Above all, the prevention of natural disasters must spend long time managing the four steps, the measures of dwindling disasters, the preparation before disasters, the emergency rescue during the periods of disasters. Therefore, decreasing the extents of casual disasters and providing prompt reaction and policies of getting everything settled for a long time should be completed by establishing integrated operational systems, driving and intensifying the ability of the prevention of natural disasters of cities. The purpose of my research is to strengthen the united operational mechanism of both a county and a city called ＂three in one meeting report.＂ Ordinarily, the establishment of the center of natural disaster-alternating is to carry out the emergency saving actions as a leader of the prevention of natural disasters meeting report. In minute wartime or emergency events happen, it integrates political associations, Army and the non-profit civil rescue organizations, fling into disastrous sites in a short time and found the functions of rescue and reconstruction suitable for citizens as a predominance of civil war strategic and cooperated center. From this, it makes the areas of natural disasters more normal lives. In addition, the pros and cons of the prevention of natural disasters and rescuing systems of other countries have to be examined. In case of individual discussion of 921 earthquake calamity and 72 flood disaster, the advantages and disadvantages of natural disaster-alternating, regarding as the amendable purpose of natural disaster-preventing in the future in Taichung County, must be researched from a series of energetic investigations and discussions, including first-aid facilities, vital goods and materials, engineering heavy machines, the establishments of medical treatment, the disposes of funeral and interment, and the abilities of victims of natural disaster and so forth. In conclusion, the analyzed result must proceed to be integrated in accordance with theory and practical aspects as developing research and possible suggestions in the future. |
