歐洲之人權傳統向來極其重要，在隱私權概念下的個人資料保護相關理論與概念，於歐洲即為此悠久人權傳統下的新頁。在歐洲理事會（Council of Europe）所締之「個人資料保護公約」與歐洲聯盟（European Union）之「個人資料保護指令」確立法中心規範下，歐洲對於個人資料保護與資訊之自由流通之態度便形成所謂以法規範為主核心的「歐洲模式」，並落實至其後之實際執行層面與相關法院判決上。 至於個別領域的案例方面，由於個人之醫療資料與警察資料均為具敏感性之特種資料，則其公益與私益之平衡顯然較其他領域為困難與重要，故而本文提出討論，並發現歐洲在此二領域之實際法規範與執行上均有所成就與值得學習之處，並於法院實際裁判上也歸納了相關之基本原則；另方面，由於網際網路發展之趨勢變化快速，傳統之相關個人資料保護理論或有不足之處，歐洲模式之處理下，也能發現其能夠與時並進的獨到之處。 對照歐洲之相關作為，我國在立法與實際之執行上明顯未有與時並進之現象，又由於該「電腦處理個人資料保護法」本身原本之保守性格，遂使相關之作為在實際運用上，出現許多窒礙難行或保護不全之處。面對快速的全球資訊化影響，實應加快腳步迅速立法修正，以符人權立國之信念。對於諸多政策在實施或考慮時，除了考量國家之整體經濟或行政效率之發展外，更應對於人權之事項多加注意，以避免淪為過去帝制或專制時期思考方式之延續。 The tradition of human rights in Europe is always important. The theory and the idea of personal data protection, which belong to the idea of right of privacy, then become a new page of this European human rights tradition. Under the norm of Council of Europe's ＂Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data＂ and ＂Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data＂ of European Union, the position of the personal data protection and the free movement of such data in Europe then become the ＂European way＂. Moreover, these data become practicable on the actually enforcement and related judgments. In the specific sector, owing to the potential sensitivity of medical data and police data, the balance of public welfare and private rights then obviously become more important than other kinds of personal data. Therefore, this thesis will discuss these two sectors and finds that the importance in Europe. On the other hand, due to the fast change of Internet trend, the tradition researches of personal data protection have become a defect. Hence, that is another sector we will discuss in this thesis. In Taiwan, the conduct is not as advanced as that in Europe---both to legislation and carrying out. In addition, because of the conservative character of ＂Computer-processed Personal Data Protection Law＂ in Taiwan, the conduct in our country becomes less practicable and does not have enough protection. Taiwan should pay more attention to human rights besides considering the entirety economy or administration efficiency when making policy in order to avoid becoming the last of the past imperialism or autocratic period.
